tests/testx509.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
   3
   4 from ctypescrypto.x509 import X509,X509Store,utc,StackOfX509
   5 from ctypescrypto.oid import Oid
   6 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
   7 import datetime
   8 import unittest
   9
  10
  11
  12 class TestCertInfo(unittest.TestCase):
  13         ca_cert="""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  14 MIIEDzCCAvegAwIBAgIJAN9Ejmna3JJ7MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMIGdMQswCQYD
  15 VQQGEwJSVTEVMBMGA1UECAwM0JzQvtGB0LrQstCwMTAwLgYDVQQKDCfQo9C00L7R
  16 gdGC0L7QstC10YDRj9GO0YnQuNC5INGG0LXQvdGC0YAxIjAgBgNVBAMMGdCS0LjQ
  17 utGC0L7RgCDQktCw0LPQvdC10YAxITAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWEnZpdHVzQHdhZ25l
  18 ci5wcC5ydTAeFw0xNDEwMjYxNDQ2MzJaFw0xNzEwMjUxNDQ2MzJaMIGdMQswCQYD
  19 VQQGEwJSVTEVMBMGA1UECAwM0JzQvtGB0LrQstCwMTAwLgYDVQQKDCfQo9C00L7R
  20 gdGC0L7QstC10YDRj9GO0YnQuNC5INGG0LXQvdGC0YAxIjAgBgNVBAMMGdCS0LjQ
  21 utGC0L7RgCDQktCw0LPQvdC10YAxITAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWEnZpdHVzQHdhZ25l
  22 ci5wcC5ydTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAJn+nL8CDaM0
  23 KNafGYdEDuFuCKHFxCcbaT7ecGbwjPKtnqZLOnYpa2iLFY+n7zAYw1MRkFkaR8b+
  24 +AeFPWS9T60ygeWysT9XTS77Fdl69Tmr8HChRk0BuLB3vFCy34vBHSG6Frdm8PtS
  25 PLEleldiwUCHLS+EckrnJylQK13X3HofSbIGzKK53MsuQOtp2dJw3b7MILM/+XBm
  26 RgZlEbTEPYMOH8CE3mu9/LqXfIRQM7+nmzcNZI3RAwxEVHOSHEbgFZaksTj8rMIa
  27 SrJwknmxHntI3P5PSNNbs0SO3TW8ePDIIpbVcjNsMX4qGX8b+8quZuzciKOto8S0
  28 0A6eOBd8Vi0CAwEAAaNQME4wHQYDVR0OBBYEFKzcbd6+N1TKfBjvmyTvw8+DnzAZ
  29 MB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFKzcbd6+N1TKfBjvmyTvw8+DnzAZMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8w
  30 DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAAa1PpkpL842hh8jLXIpA/nK8aVDDcu5p3pA72/b
  31 noFnZuKcuaSUOz1rrLqxDK2JB3lmChQaVx3pZwqJgA0h0XBScar+8wM2TfeyW+oU
  32 Gr5tOAxoHVRpgn6oCoJkKo0HS2/NA12T/gYsXhXJXn4tuvDjaUzY+K+hhAWh64oL
  33 /c61eKfCZKp50t9Eoua0xHII2Mveb27Ps46j/CZ1r0ts7sGieOqjQo3GZOOikG6F
  34 vFY/2KV16/FdBovTFWMyKrzlYHm0Wgt28IWqhocq/golLfvkz3VAkLQvOF2i6hNc
  35 4feBv69SRTsTCFN9PtJCtxPX/K9LZKeccBKgGjrHQpAF+JU=
  36 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  37 """
  38         cert1="""-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  39 MIIEDzCCAvegAwIBAgIJAN9Ejmna3JJ8MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMIGdMQswCQYD
  40 VQQGEwJSVTEVMBMGA1UECAwM0JzQvtGB0LrQstCwMTAwLgYDVQQKDCfQo9C00L7R
  41 gdGC0L7QstC10YDRj9GO0YnQuNC5INGG0LXQvdGC0YAxIjAgBgNVBAMMGdCS0LjQ
  42 utGC0L7RgCDQktCw0LPQvdC10YAxITAfBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWEnZpdHVzQHdhZ25l
  43 ci5wcC5ydTAeFw0xNDEwMjYxOTA3MTdaFw0yNDEwMjMxOTA3MTdaMIGBMQswCQYD
  44 VQQGEwJSVTEVMBMGA1UECAwM0JzQvtGB0LrQstCwMRUwEwYDVQQHDAzQnNC+0YHQ
  45 utCy0LAxIDAeBgNVBAoMF9Cn0LDRgdGC0L3QvtC1INC70LjRhtC+MSIwIAYDVQQD
  46 DBnQktC40LrRgtC+0YAg0JLQsNCz0L3QtdGAMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOC
  47 AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEArQSfrrxNROyzNEz60G2EHBP+E4BL0b1QytGAZZiQp2XIhhQe
  48 b7mx+c4mpwgvD7/IdAcK+YVGx78nfY723T3wG48U7HzFNbLvNDycxyXecXbvCmRs
  49 xPy8TxkwPf6TIT3UcixtwMMqZFqlAtSTDmOOWSaUuftL/+yFk729xDoYkOZhFwUS
  50 UM5SbEZ0JpufWFjDi3Qwj3ZOTXliHC3e4C7187Me0Nne59dttyKpq1YAThn4Srar
  51 vZYU6Ykk/LUae0FCvfeiKLShWY05XnPVmvPiiFTXJP8/Au8kfezlA4b+eS81zWq2
  52 BFvNlBQsgf04S88oew0CuBBgtjUIIw7XZkS03QIDAQABo2wwajAJBgNVHRMEAjAA
  53 MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRflZBerCFYheRQne/sWL3zY7GiAzAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSs3G3e
  54 vjdUynwY75sk78PPg58wGTAdBgNVHREEFjAUgRJ2aXR1c0B3YWduZXIucHAucnUw
  55 DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQADggEBAGx1z0ylq90hP3x/2DmfVUYBA46CiGnV4NSiaOWE
  56 Y18jCuG3W8FcI7JP4uEEjKyz3XbuhTFW2GsZ2L3FGgpA5eXBikgCn5kRpOHgb45r
  57 SxE8u3TwVlYlaF+7RHPYLqmgb25d/O/28McemMmTGecPC9edbtDqLv03aJ0t4gXn
  58 BD+xTJOP74Yhu5IPIV92J6pSBpIoy+qiyOA1iRpOWzrVHVR504vAaFxlfZs3VJhP
  59 uo291iEXyooazJdbWwZwcwk7WrNNKhqktPTg0X1ZHNnGwOAGPzwNJFGPeFj71r0t
  60 aFWU5EMRKaZK75keXq/RdaOAenl+nKF6xA2XHDhGgdndFfY=
  61 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  62 """
  63         pubkey1="""-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
  64 MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEArQSfrrxNROyzNEz60G2E
  65 HBP+E4BL0b1QytGAZZiQp2XIhhQeb7mx+c4mpwgvD7/IdAcK+YVGx78nfY723T3w
  66 G48U7HzFNbLvNDycxyXecXbvCmRsxPy8TxkwPf6TIT3UcixtwMMqZFqlAtSTDmOO
  67 WSaUuftL/+yFk729xDoYkOZhFwUSUM5SbEZ0JpufWFjDi3Qwj3ZOTXliHC3e4C71
  68 87Me0Nne59dttyKpq1YAThn4SrarvZYU6Ykk/LUae0FCvfeiKLShWY05XnPVmvPi
  69 iFTXJP8/Au8kfezlA4b+eS81zWq2BFvNlBQsgf04S88oew0CuBBgtjUIIw7XZkS0
  70 3QIDAQAB
  71 -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
  72 """
  73         digicert_cert="""digicert.crt
  74 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  75 MIIG5jCCBc6gAwIBAgIQAze5KDR8YKauxa2xIX84YDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBs
  76 MQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEVMBMGA1UEChMMRGlnaUNlcnQgSW5jMRkwFwYDVQQLExB3
  77 d3cuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tMSswKQYDVQQDEyJEaWdpQ2VydCBIaWdoIEFzc3VyYW5j
  78 ZSBFViBSb290IENBMB4XDTA3MTEwOTEyMDAwMFoXDTIxMTExMDAwMDAwMFowaTEL
  79 MAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxFTATBgNVBAoTDERpZ2lDZXJ0IEluYzEZMBcGA1UECxMQd3d3
  80 LmRpZ2ljZXJ0LmNvbTEoMCYGA1UEAxMfRGlnaUNlcnQgSGlnaCBBc3N1cmFuY2Ug
  81 RVYgQ0EtMTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAPOWYth1bhn/
  82 PzR8SU8xfg0ETpmB4rOFVZEwscCvcLssqOcYqj9495BoUoYBiJfiOwZlkKq9ZXbC
  83 7L4QWzd4g2B1Rca9dKq2n6Q6AVAXxDlpufFP74LByvNK28yeUE9NQKM6kOeGZrzw
  84 PnYoTNF1gJ5qNRQ1A57bDIzCKK1Qss72kaPDpQpYSfZ1RGy6+c7pqzoC4E3zrOJ6
  85 4GAiBTyC01Li85xH+DvYskuTVkq/cKs+6WjIHY9YHSpNXic9rQpZL1oRIEDZaARo
  86 LfTAhAsKG3jf7RpY3PtBWm1r8u0c7lwytlzs16YDMqbo3rcoJ1mIgP97rYlY1R4U
  87 pPKwcNSgPqcCAwEAAaOCA4UwggOBMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBhjA7BgNVHSUENDAy
  88 BggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCCsGAQUFBwMDBggrBgEFBQcDBAYIKwYBBQUH
  89 AwgwggHEBgNVHSAEggG7MIIBtzCCAbMGCWCGSAGG/WwCATCCAaQwOgYIKwYBBQUH
  90 AgEWLmh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tL3NzbC1jcHMtcmVwb3NpdG9yeS5o
  91 dG0wggFkBggrBgEFBQcCAjCCAVYeggFSAEEAbgB5ACAAdQBzAGUAIABvAGYAIAB0
  92 AGgAaQBzACAAQwBlAHIAdABpAGYAaQBjAGEAdABlACAAYwBvAG4AcwB0AGkAdAB1
  93 AHQAZQBzACAAYQBjAGMAZQBwAHQAYQBuAGMAZQAgAG8AZgAgAHQAaABlACAARABp
  94 AGcAaQBDAGUAcgB0ACAARQBWACAAQwBQAFMAIABhAG4AZAAgAHQAaABlACAAUgBl
  95 AGwAeQBpAG4AZwAgAFAAYQByAHQAeQAgAEEAZwByAGUAZQBtAGUAbgB0ACAAdwBo
  96 AGkAYwBoACAAbABpAG0AaQB0ACAAbABpAGEAYgBpAGwAaQB0AHkAIABhAG4AZAAg
  97 AGEAcgBlACAAaQBuAGMAbwByAHAAbwByAGEAdABlAGQAIABoAGUAcgBlAGkAbgAg
  98 AGIAeQAgAHIAZQBmAGUAcgBlAG4AYwBlAC4wEgYDVR0TAQH/BAgwBgEB/wIBADCB
  99 gwYIKwYBBQUHAQEEdzB1MCQGCCsGAQUFBzABhhhodHRwOi8vb2NzcC5kaWdpY2Vy
 100 dC5jb20wTQYIKwYBBQUHMAKGQWh0dHA6Ly93d3cuZGlnaWNlcnQuY29tL0NBQ2Vy
 101 dHMvRGlnaUNlcnRIaWdoQXNzdXJhbmNlRVZSb290Q0EuY3J0MIGPBgNVHR8EgYcw
 102 gYQwQKA+oDyGOmh0dHA6Ly9jcmwzLmRpZ2ljZXJ0LmNvbS9EaWdpQ2VydEhpZ2hB
 103 c3N1cmFuY2VFVlJvb3RDQS5jcmwwQKA+oDyGOmh0dHA6Ly9jcmw0LmRpZ2ljZXJ0
 104 LmNvbS9EaWdpQ2VydEhpZ2hBc3N1cmFuY2VFVlJvb3RDQS5jcmwwHQYDVR0OBBYE
 105 FExYyyXwQU9S9CjIgUObpqig5pLlMB8GA1UdIwQYMBaAFLE+w2kD+L9HAdSYJhoI
 106 Au9jZCvDMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQBMeheHKF0XvLIyc7/NLvVYMR3wsXFU
 107 nNabZ5PbLwM+Fm8eA8lThKNWYB54lBuiqG+jpItSkdfdXJW777UWSemlQk808kf/
 108 roF/E1S3IMRwFcuBCoHLdFfcnN8kpCkMGPAc5K4HM+zxST5Vz25PDVR708noFUjU
 109 xbvcNRx3RQdIRYW9135TuMAW2ZXNi419yWBP0aKb49Aw1rRzNubS+QOy46T15bg+
 110 BEkAui6mSnKDcp33C4ypieez12Qf1uNgywPE3IjpnSUBAHHLA7QpYCWP+UbRe3Gu
 111 zVMSW4SOwg/H7ZMZ2cn6j1g0djIvruFQFGHUqFijyDATI+/GJYw2jxyA
 112 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 113 """
 114         def test_readpubkey(self):
 115                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 116                 p=c.pubkey
 117                 self.assertEqual(p.exportpub(),self.pubkey1)
 118         def test_subject(self):
 119                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 120                 self.assertEqual(unicode(c.subject),u'C=RU,ST=Москва,L=Москва,O=Частное лицо,CN=Виктор Вагнер')
 121         def test_subject_str(self):
 122                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 123                 self.assertEqual(str(c.subject),b'C=RU,ST=\\D0\\9C\\D0\\BE\\D1\\81\\D0\\BA\\D0\\B2\\D0\\B0,L=\\D0\\9C\\D0\\BE\\D1\\81\\D0\\BA\\D0\\B2\\D0\\B0,O=\\D0\\A7\\D0\\B0\\D1\\81\\D1\\82\\D0\\BD\\D0\\BE\\D0\\B5 \\D0\\BB\\D0\\B8\\D1\\86\\D0\\BE,CN=\\D0\\92\\D0\\B8\\D0\\BA\\D1\\82\\D0\\BE\\D1\\80 \\D0\\92\\D0\\B0\\D0\\B3\\D0\\BD\\D0\\B5\\D1\\80')
 124         def test_subject_len(self):
 125                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 126                 self.assertEqual(len(c.subject),5)
 127         def test_issuer(self):
 128                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 129                 self.assertEqual(unicode(c.issuer),u'C=RU,ST=Москва,O=Удостоверяющий центр,CN=Виктор Вагнер,emailAddress=vitus@wagner.pp.ru')
 130         def test_subjectfields(self):
 131                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 132                 self.assertEqual(c.subject[Oid("C")],"RU")
 133                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
 134                         x=c.subject["CN"]
 135                 self.assertEqual(c.subject[Oid("L")],u'\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430')
 136         def test_subjectmodify(self):
 137                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 138                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
 139                         c.subject[Oid("CN")]=u'Foo'
 140                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
 141                         del c.subject[Oid('CN')]
 142         def test_subjectbadsubfield(self):
 143                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 144                 with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
 145                         x=c.subject[Oid("streetAddress")]
 146         def test_subjectfieldindex(self):
 147                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 148                 self.assertEqual(repr(c.subject[0]),repr((Oid('C'),u'RU')))
 149         def test_subjectbadindex(self):
 150                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 151                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 152                         x=c.subject[11]
 153                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 154                         x=c.subject[-1]
 155         def test_notBefore(self):
 156                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 157                 self.assertEqual(c.startDate,datetime.datetime(2014,10,26,19,07,17,0,utc))
 158         def test_notAfter(self):
 159                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 160                 self.assertEqual(c.endDate,datetime.datetime(2024,10,23,19,7,17,0,utc))
 161         def test_namecomp(self):
 162                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 163                 ca=X509(self.ca_cert)
 164                 self.assertEqual(c.issuer,ca.subject)
 165                 self.assertNotEqual(c.subject,c.issuer)
 166                 self.assertEqual(ca.issuer,ca.subject)
 167         def test_serial(self):
 168                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 169                 self.assertEqual(c.serial,0xDF448E69DADC927CL)
 170         def test_version(self):
 171                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 172                 self.assertEqual(c.version,3)
 173         def test_ca_cert(self):
 174                 ca=X509(self.ca_cert)
 175                 self.assertTrue(ca.check_ca())
 176                 notca=X509(self.cert1)
 177                 self.assertFalse(notca.check_ca())
 178         def test_extension_count(self):
 179                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 180                 self.assertTrue(len(cert.extensions),4)
 181                 ca_cert=X509(self.ca_cert)
 182                 self.assertEqual(len(ca_cert.extensions),3)
 183         def test_extension_outofrange(self):
 184                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 185                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 186                         cert.extensions[4]
 187                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 188                         cert.extensions[-1]
 189         def test_extension_oid(self):
 190                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 191                 ext=cert.extensions[0]
 192                 ext_id=ext.oid
 193                 self.assertTrue(isinstance(ext_id,Oid))
 194                 self.assertEqual(ext_id,Oid('basicConstraints'))
 195         def test_extension_text(self):
 196                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 197                 ext=cert.extensions[0]
 198                 self.assertEqual(str(ext),'CA:FALSE')
 199                 self.assertEqual(unicode(ext),u'CA:FALSE')
 200         def test_extenson_find(self):
 201                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 202                 exts=cert.extensions.find(Oid('subjectAltName'))
 203                 self.assertEqual(len(exts),1)
 204                 self.assertEqual(exts[0].oid,Oid('subjectAltName'))
 205         def test_extension_bad_find(self):
 206                 cert=X509(self.cert1)
 207                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
 208                         exts=cert.extensions.find('subjectAltName')
 209         def test_extenson_critical(self):
 210                 cert=X509(self.digicert_cert)
 211                 crit_exts=cert.extensions.find_critical()
 212                 self.assertEqual(len(crit_exts),2)
 213                 other_exts=cert.extensions.find_critical(False)
 214                 self.assertEqual(len(crit_exts)+len(other_exts),len(cert.extensions))
 215                 self.assertEqual(crit_exts[0].critical,True)
 216                 self.assertEqual(other_exts[0].critical,False)
 217         def test_verify_by_key(self):
 218                 ca=X509(self.ca_cert)
 219                 pubkey=ca.pubkey
 220                 self.assertTrue(ca.verify(key=pubkey))
 221                 c=X509(self.cert1)
 222                 pk2=c.pubkey
 223                 self.assertFalse(c.verify(key=pk2))
 224                 self.assertTrue(c.verify(key=pubkey))
 225         def test_verify_self_singed(self):
 226                 ca=X509(self.ca_cert)
 227                 self.assertTrue(ca.verify())
 228         def test_default_filestore(self):
 229                 store=X509Store(default=True)
 230                 c1=X509(self.cert1)
 231                 # Cert signed by our CA shouldn't be successfully verified
 232                 # by default CA store
 233                 self.assertFalse(c1.verify(store))
 234                 # but cert, downloaded from some commercial CA - should.
 235                 c2=X509(self.digicert_cert)
 236                 self.assertTrue(c2.verify(store))
 237         def test_verify_by_filestore(self):
 238                 trusted=NamedTemporaryFile()
 239                 trusted.write(self.ca_cert)
 240                 trusted.flush()
 241                 goodcert=X509(self.cert1)
 242                 badcert=X509(self.cert1[0:-30]+"GG"+self.cert1[-28:])
 243                 gitcert=X509(self.digicert_cert)
 244                 store=X509Store(file=trusted.name)
 245                 # We should successfuly verify certificate signed by our CA cert
 246                 self.assertTrue(goodcert.verify(store))
 247                 # We should reject corrupted certificate
 248                 self.assertFalse(badcert.verify(store))
 249                 # And if we specify explicitely certificate file, certificate,
 250                 # signed by some commercial CA should be rejected too
 251                 self.assertFalse(gitcert.verify(store))
 252                 trusted.close()
 253         def test_verify_by_dirstore(self):
 254                 pass
 255         def test_certstack1(self):
 256                 l=[]
 257                 l.append(X509(self.cert1))
 258                 self.assertEqual(unicode(l[0].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'Виктор Вагнер')
 259                 l.append(X509(self.ca_cert))
 260                 l.append(X509(self.digicert_cert))
 261                 stack=StackOfX509(certs=l)
 262                 self.assertEqual(len(stack),3)
 263                 self.assertTrue(isinstance(stack[1],X509))
 264                 self.assertEqual(unicode(stack[0].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'Виктор Вагнер')
 265                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 266                         c=stack[-1]
 267                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 268                         c=stack[3]
 269                 del stack[1]
 270                 self.assertEqual(len(stack),2)
 271                 self.assertEqual(unicode(stack[0].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'Виктор Вагнер')
 272                 self.assertEqual(unicode(stack[1].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'DigiCert High Assurance EV CA-1')
 273         def test_certstack2(self):
 274                 stack=StackOfX509()
 275                 stack.append(X509(self.cert1))
 276                 stack.append(X509(self.ca_cert))
 277                 c=stack[1]
 278                 stack[1]=X509(self.digicert_cert)
 279                 self.assertEqual(len(stack),2)
 280                 self.assertEqual(unicode(stack[1].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'DigiCert High Assurance EV CA-1')
 281                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 282                         stack[-1]=c
 283                 with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
 284                         stack[3]=c
 285                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
 286                         stack[0]=self.cert1
 287                 with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
 288                         stack.append(self.cert1)
 289         def test_certstack3(self):
 290                 l=[]
 291                 l.append(X509(self.cert1))
 292                 self.assertEqual(unicode(l[0].subject[Oid('CN')]),u'Виктор Вагнер')
 293                 l.append(X509(self.ca_cert))
 294                 l.append(X509(self.digicert_cert))
 295                 stack=StackOfX509(certs=l)
 296                 stack2=StackOfX509(ptr=stack.ptr,disposable=False)
 297                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
 298                         stack3=StackOfX509(ptr=stack.ptr,certs=l)
 299                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
 300                         stack2[1]=l[0]
 301                 with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
 302                         stack2.append(l[0])
 303 if __name__ == '__main__':
 304         unittest.main()