From: Victor Wagner Date: Sat, 25 Feb 2006 14:08:38 +0000 (+0000) Subject: Added fGIS X-Git-Url: http://www.wagner.pp.ru/gitweb/?p=sites%2Fhome_page.git;a=commitdiff_plain;h=e8890a31f945acef02c617264aa041a6ace03366 Added fGIS --- diff --git a/geography/fGIS/EPU.html b/geography/fGIS/EPU.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..596966b --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/EPU.html @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ + + +Environmental Planning Utilities + + +[f(GIS) home] +

Environmental Planning Utilities

+ +

Overview

+Environmental planning utilities is set of stand-alone programs, which +performs GIS operations on EPPL7 data files. EPPL stands for "Environmental Planning Program Language". When I begin to reimplement some EPPL commands trying to overcome some +limitations of 16-bit DOS environment, I found that it is complete waste of effort - attempt to implement yet another scripting language while we have such +a wonderful things as Unix shell or Tcl. +

+So, it is not a language, but set of utilities. They are designed to operate +non-interactively, from batch files or scripts. Interactive front end is +provided by f(GIS). +

Utilities

+ +EPU include: +

border - converts raster to vector by plotting vector + lines on every class change of vector file. Exceeds some limitation + of EPPL7 border command and have more elaborate algorithm of line + smoothing, but currently is not able to label polygons with points + and generate Arc/Info-like topology. I've invented + algorithm to do + so, but it is still awaiting implementation. + (man page) +
cluster Assigns unique numbers to clusters of points in + space which are separated by some boundaries. Curently supported + types of boundaries include: +
1. Lines plotted in the raster with particular attribute + (like EPPL7 cluster command). +
2. Class changes of the existing raster (counting unique polygons) +
3. Lines of vector file (like EPPL7 rasterize command). + (buggy) +
+ Supports more up to 65534 polygons on map without limitations of EPPL7, which have troubles with more than 32767 temporary polygons. + (man page). +
fill - Fills small holes in raster data files left after + rasterization or combining of several maps. + Returns non-zero exit code if there are some holes left and another + pass is neccessary (man page) + +
outtable - computes tabular reports from set of maps. + Works siginificantly faster than EPPL outtable due to different + storage structures, especially on files which are results from + cluster command. (man page) +
intable - creates map from existing maps and + substitution table (man page) +
mapcalc - anything which can be compute from limited + surrounding of point. Extendent descendant of + EPPL7 evaluate command. Also replaces such EPPL commands + as moving, jumping, neighbour and border + (EPP version) (man page). +
+ Not written yet +
+
mapclass which does same thing as mapcalc for maps + whose values cannot be interpreted is numbers. Descendant of + EPPL7 multi-file RECLASS command. (man page). See also reclass1 +
+ Not written yet +
+
thiessen - anything which requires computation of distance +to far points. Replaces EPPL7 commands radius, buffer, + guarded. Planned to overcome 16384 colums limitation of EPPL7 + RADIUS command. + (man page) + +
+ Not written yet +
+
interpolate spatial interpolations. Planned methods: + Inverse distantion, Kriging, Landscape-oriented interpolation. +
+ Not written yet +
+
transform anything which changes coordinate system, + including projection transformation. Projection handling code is + based on USGS Public Domain +Projection program. +
+ Not written yet +
+
conversion tools various format conversions. Currently + only dgt2gen is written . Second most important part is + epptoppm and ppmtoepp which would allow to interoperate + with lots of formats already supported by netpbm library. + +
raster file manipulation tools - set of small things, + which operate with raster files on low level. This includes + eheader which views and edits + header of EPP file (only program of EPU which can be compilied + as 16-bit DOS application), window which cuts a rectangular region from + map, mosaic which combines several maps + together and clip which cuts a part + from map using + an area of given class from other maps as cutted region boundary. +
extents print table of minimal and maximal +coordinates for each class. (man page) +
neighbours. - for each class in file prints list + of classes, which are neighbouring to it. + (man page). +

System requirements

+ +EPU should work on any system which is 32-bit and has ANSI C compilier. +They have been tested under Linux, Solaris/Sparc and +MS-DOS with DOS4GW extender (Watcom C 10.0). It is essential +that system should support concept of standard input/output and exit codes, +so porting to Win32 should be trivial, but porting to MacOS would require +major redesign. + +

+[f(GIS) home] + + diff --git a/geography/fGIS/TODO.txt b/geography/fGIS/TODO.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c9dbc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/TODO.txt @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +Near future + +Fgis tcl extension: + +1. Compile tcl extension for NT/Win 95 + +2. Finish pattern handling (patterns set index xbm-data) + +3. Write drawing of patterned raster + +4. Write projection object + +5. Finish editing primitives + +6. Separate tk-dependent part from non-GUI part of C code. + +Tcl scripts + +1. Invent interface to call EPU from within TCL + +2. Complete chart (choropleth) type of layer + +3. Write tag (point) type of layer + +4. Invent standartized interface to SQL databases (Postgres, Oracle, + ODBC for start) + +5. Write ``object'' layer - collection of arbitrary Tk canvas items, + which are treated as layer and can be saved and loaded + +6. Add grid visualisation code to planchet + +7. Write postgres Tcl-dbi module. Polish TclDBI for Oracle, ODBC and + postgres and include them into distribution + +8. Finish layer properties dialog in mapview + +EPU + +1. Debug outtable + +2. Write projection conversion tool + +3. Write evaluate AKA mapcalc + +4. Do something with border and debug rasterize + +5. Write ppmtoepp and epptoppm converters + +6. Design and write RADIUS + +7. Design and write INTERPOLATE + +8. Design and write mapclass + +Distribution: + +1. Polish top-level Makefile + +2. Provide example dataset + +3. Write installation program for Win32 binary distr. + +4. Separate third-party extensions like Hobbs' megawidgets from + home-grown scripts + +5. Put binary distribution of Tcl with neccessary extensions + on ftp + +Documentation + +1. Fill holes in docs for already written commands + +3. Translte epp_lib docs to English + +4. Complete (and translate to english) EPU manual + +IDEAS TO CONSIDER + +fGIS user environment should be able to store layers in RCS + +Invent and document, and eventually implement, vector format diff --git a/geography/fGIS/concept.html b/geography/fGIS/concept.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddddc78 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/concept.html @@ -0,0 +1,313 @@ + + +fGIS Concept + + +

ëÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ GIS

+ +

+ üÔÏÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÕÓÔÁÒÅÌ! + ôÅËÕÝÅÅ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÉ ÉÍÅÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × × +ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÏÊ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ, ËÁËÏ×ÏÅ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ É ÓÏÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ ÄÏ ÔÅÈ ÐÏÒ, ÐÏËÁ +ËÔÏ-ÎÉÂÕÄØ ÉÚ ÒÕÓÓËÏÑÚÙÞÎÙÈ ÞÌÅÎÏ× ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÎÅ ×ÏÚØÍÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ +ÒÕÓÓËÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ. õ ÍÅÎÑ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÎÅÔ ÓÉÌ ÎÁ Ä×Å ×ÅÒÓÉÉ +ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ +ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ Ñ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÁÎÇÌÉÊÓËÉÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ, ËÁË +ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙÊ ÂÏÌØÛÅÍÕ ÞÉÓÌÕ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ. +

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+ ðÏÞÅÍÕ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ? +

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+ëÏÎÔÕÒ ÜÔÏ Ó×ÑÚÎÏÅ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÔÏÞÅË, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ËÁÒÔÁ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ. +åÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÒÁÓÓÍÏÔÒÉÍ ËÁÒÔÕ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ +ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÐÏÓÌÏÊÎÏÊ ÒÁÓËÒÁÓËÉ, ÔÏ ÍÙ Õ×ÉÄÉÍ, ÞÔÏ +ËÏÎÔÕÒ ÚÄÅÓØ - ÏÂÌÁÓÔØ × ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ ÚÁËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÍ +ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÅ - ÏÔ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚÏÌÉÎÉÉ ÄÏ ÓÏÓÅÄÎÅÊ. åÓÌÉ ÍÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÍ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÙ +ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏ×, ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ É ×ÓÑ ËÏÎÔÕÒÎÁÑ ÓÅÔØ, ÈÏÔÑ ÓÁÍÁ ËÁÒÔÁ, ÔÏ ÅÓÔØ +ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ, ÏÓÔÁÌÁÓØ ÐÒÅÖÎÅÊ. +

+äÌÑ ËÁÒÔ ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉËÁÃÉÊ ËÏÎÔÕÒ --- ×ÅÝØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÕÓÔÏÊÞÉ×ÁÑ. ïÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ +ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØÓÑ ÅÓÌÉ ÐÏ ËÁËÉÍ-ÔÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÌÉÂÏ +ÎÁÛÉ ÚÎÁÎÉÑ Ï ÔÅÒÒÉÔÏÒÉÉ. +

+ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÉÈ ËÁÒÔ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ËÏÎÔÕÒÏ×. ÷ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ +ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ Ó ËÏÎÔÕÒÁÍÉ ÜÔÏ ÉÈ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ +Ó ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ: ÍÙ ×ÙÄÅÌÑÅÍ ËÁËÕÀ-ÔÏ ÇÒÕÐÐÕ +ÔÏÞÅË (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÁÒÉÓÏ×Á× ÚÁÍËÎÕÔÕÀ ÌÉÎÉÀ) É ÇÏ×ÏÒÉÍ: ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ËÁÒÔÙ +× ÜÔÉÈ ÔÏÞËÁÈ ÔÅÐÅÒØ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÔÁËÏÅ-ÔÏ. +

+ïÞÅ×ÉÄÎÏ, ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÅÊ ÎÁÄÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÏÓÔÁ×É× +ÅÇÏ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÁÐÏ× ÐÅÒ×ÉÞÎÏÇÏ ××ÏÄÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ É ÅÅ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ. + +

ïÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ Ó ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ.

+ +ôÅÐÅÒØ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÍ Ë ÔÏÍÕ, ÄÌÑ ÞÅÇÏ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÏ ÚÁÔÅ×ÁÌÏÓØ - Ë ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÍ ÁÎÁÌÉÚÁ +ËÁÒÔ. +

+éÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÒÁÚÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ ÎÁ Ä×Å ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ: +

ëÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÍ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ËÁÒÔÕ +
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+ïÇÒÁÎÉÞÉÍÓÑ ÐÏËÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ. +

1. úÁÞÁÓÔÕÀ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÀÝÉÊ ÎÁÓ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ × ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ +ÔÏÞËÅ, ÎÁÍ +ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅÊ +× ÔÏÊ ÖÅ ÔÏÞËÅ. +

+îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÄÌÑ ÒÁÓÞÅÔÁ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌØÎÏÊ ÜÒÏÚÉÉ ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ Ó×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ Ï +ÍÅÈÁÎÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÁ×Å ÐÏÞ×, ÕËÌÏÎÁÈ, ÄÌÉÎÅ ÓËÌÏÎÏ×, ÎÁÐÏÞ×ÅÎÎÏÍ ÐÏËÒÏ×Å +É Ô.Ä. åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÅÓÔØ Õ ÎÁÓ × ×ÉÄÅ ËÁÒÔ, ÔÏ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉ× +ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÅ ÕÒÁ×ÎÅÎÉÅ Ë ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ ÔÅÒÒÉÔÏÒÉÉ, ÍÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÕ. +

+ôÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÏ × ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÎÁËÌÁÄÙ×ÁÀÔ ÄÒÕÇ ÎÁ ÄÒÕÇÁ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ +ËÁÒÔÙ É ÐÏÌÕÞÁÀÔ ÓÅÔËÕ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÎÔÕÒÏ×, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ +ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÉ ÏÄÎÏÒÏÄÎÙ, Á ÐÏÔÏÍ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ËÏÎÔÕÒÁ ÒÁÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÀÔ +ÉÔÏÇÏ×ÙÊ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ. +

+åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÍÙ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÍ ÒÁÓÓÞÅÔ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ËÁÒÔÙ (Á ÉÈ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏÅ ÞÉÓÌÏ, +ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ÓÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ), ÔÏ +ÉÔÏÇÏ×ÙÅ ËÏÎÔÕÒÁ ÏÂÒÁÚÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÁÍÉ, ËÁË ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ÔÏÞÅË ÇÄÅ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÊ +ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ. +

+íÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÜÔÏ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÎÑÔÉÅÍ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌÁ - ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ, +ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÐÏ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÍ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÍ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑÍ ÓÔÒÏÉÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÉÒÕÀÝÕÀ. +

+ó ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÔÏÞËÉ ÚÒÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÓÔÉ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÍÉÌÌÉÏÎÁÈ +ÔÏÞÅË ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÑÔØ ÐÅÒÅÓÅÞÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÔÅÎ ËÏÎÔÕÒÏ×. +

+2. éÎÏÇÄÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÑ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ × ÔÏÞËÅ ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÁ + ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÜÔÏÊ ÔÏÞËÅ (ÔÅÏÒÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ - +× ÂÅÓËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÍÁÌÏÊ, ÎÁ ÐÒÁËÔÉËÅ - ÎÅ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ËÁÒÔÙ) +ëÌÁÓÓÉÞÅÓËÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÔÁËÏÊ ÚÁÄÁÞÉ - ÎÁÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÅ ÕËÌÏÎÏ× ÐÏ +ÇÉÐÓÏÍÅÔÒÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ËÁÒÔÅ. äÒÕÇÏÊ, ÓÔÏÌØ ÖÅ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ - ÔÅËÓÔÕÒÁ +ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÁÜÒÏÆÏÔÏÓÎÉÍËÅ. +

+3. é, ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÙ ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÔÏÞËÉ, ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÉÅ +ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×ÁÍÉ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÚÁÄÁÞÁÈ ÒÁÚÍÅÝÅÎÉÑ +ÎÁÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔ ÒÁÓÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÄÏ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÅÊ ÄÏÒÏÇÉ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÓÔÒÏÅÎÉÉ +ËÁÒÔ ÈÉÍÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×Á ÎÁÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÀÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÌÉÖÁÊÛÉÈ ÔÏÞÅË +ÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÏÁÎÉÑ. +

+éÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏÊ ÔÅÍÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ËÏÍÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ +ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌÏ×, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ËÏÍÐÏÚÉÃÉÑÍÉ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌÏ× +ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÍÏÄÅÌÉ ÚÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÒÏÈÏÄ, ÂÅÚ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ +ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ. +

+ïÞÅ×ÉÄÎÏ, Ë ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÍ 1-Ê ÇÒÕÐÐÙ ËÏÍÐÏÚÉÃÉÑ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÁ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ +z=f(g(x)) ÐÏÓÞÉÔÁÔØ ÎÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÅÅ ÞÅÍ y=g(x) z=f(y). +

+óÌÏÖÎÅÅ Ó ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÍÉ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ ÇÒÕÐÐÙ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÅÓÌÉ × ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÉ +f(x) ÕÞÁÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ g(x+dx) ÉÈ ÎÁÄÏ ×ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔØ ÚÁÒÁÎÅÅ, Á ÅÓÌÉ +É ÏÎÉ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÏËÒÅÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ... óÒÁ×ÎÉÔÅ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, Ó ÆÏÒÍÕÌÏÊ ×ÔÏÒÏÊ +ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÌÏÖÎÏÊ ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ. +

+åÓÌÉ ÖÅ ÒÅÞØ ÉÄÅÔ Ï ÎÅÌÏËÁÌØÎÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÑÈ, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË ÂÕÆÅÒÉÚÁÃÉÑ +É ÉÎÔÅÒÐÏÌÑÃÉÑ, ÂÅÚ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÍÅÖÕÔÏÞÎÙÈ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ× × ×ÉÄÅ +ËÁÒÔ ×ÉÄÉÍÏ ÎÅ ÏÂÏÊÔÉÓØ. +

+ +

÷ÉÚÕÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÑ ËÁÒÔ É ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÅ.

+ +äÁÔØ ÓÔÒÏÇÏÅ ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÏÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ, ÎÏ +ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÐÒÉ×ÙËÌÉ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ËÁÒÔÕ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÇÌÁÚÁÍÉ. +

+üÔÏ ËÁË ÒÁÚ ÔÏ, ÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ çéó. ÷ ÎÉÈ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ +ËÁÒÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ËÏÍÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÅ - ÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ +É ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ, ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÏ ÎÅ Ó×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÊ Ó ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ +ÁÎÁÌÉÚÏÍ É ÍÏÄÅÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ. +

+äÁ, ÓÔÁÄÉÑ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÇÏÔÏ×ÉÔÅ ËÁÒÔÕ ÄÌÑ ÐÕÂÌÉËÁÃÉÉ, +ÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ËÁËÏÊ-ÔÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ × ÂÏÌÅÅ +ÍÅÎÅÅ ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÚÎÁËÁÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á +ÏÛÉÂÏË. +

+æÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ ËÁÒÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ É ÚÄÅÓØ. +ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ËÁÖÄÁÑ ËÁÒÔÁ Õ ÎÁÓ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ ÒÏ×ÎÏ ÏÄÉÎ ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ, +ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ Ó×ÑÚÁÔØ ÓÐÏÓÏÂ ËÁÒÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ +Ó ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÊ ËÁÒÔÙ. (×Ï ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÑÈ ÎÁÕË Ï ÚÅÍÌÅ ÜÔÏ +ÕÖÅ É ÔÁË ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ - ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÅ Ã×ÅÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÔÉÐÏ× ÐÏÞ× ÉÌÉ +ÇÅÏÈÒÏÎÏÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÜÐÏÈ). +

+ðÏÓÌÅ ÜÔÏÇÏ, ÐÏÓÔÒÏÉ× ËÁÒÔÕ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÅÅ ÉÚÏÂÒÁÚÉÔØ × +ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÎÙÈ ÚÎÁËÁÈ, Á ÚÁÄÁÞÁ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÁ ËÁÒÔÏÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÊ +ËÏÍÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ ÒÁÓÐÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÚÎÁËÏ× ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ +ÐÏËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ É ÉÚÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÎÁ ÏÄÎÏÍ ÌÉÓÔÅ ÔÅÈ ÓÌÏÅ×, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ +ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏ ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÔØ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ, ÔÁË , ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÎÉ ÎÅ ÍÅÛÁÌÉ ÄÒÕÇ ÄÒÕÇÕ. +

íÁÓÛÔÁÂÎÙÊ ÒÑÄ ÉÌÉ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÑ ÒÅÇÉÏÎÏ×

. +äÁÌÅËÏ ÎÅ ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ Ó ËÁÒÔÁÍÉ Ó×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ë ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÏÄÎÏÊ É ÔÏÊ ÖÅ +ÔÅÒÒÉÔÏÒÉÅÊ. äÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÅÌÏ Ó ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÅÊ +ÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÏ× É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÊ ÅÊ ÉÅÒÁÒÈÉÅÊ ÔÅÒÒÉÔÏÒÉÊ. +

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+ +äÌÑ ËÁÒÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÙÈ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÈÒÁÎÉÔÓÑ +ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ, ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÛÁÑ ËÁÒÔÕ, É ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ ËÁÒÔ. ðÒÉ ×ÉÚÕÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ +ÜÔÏÊ ËÁÒÔÙ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ, ÎÅ ÂÙÌÉ ÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÙ ËÁËÉÅ-ÔÏ ÉÚ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÈ +ËÁÒÔ, É ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁ, ÐÒÅÄÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÀ ËÁÒÔÙ. + + diff --git a/geography/fGIS/concepts.html b/geography/fGIS/concepts.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ef78bb --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/concepts.html @@ -0,0 +1,398 @@ + + + +f(GIS) concepts + + + +

f(GIS) + concepts

+ +

Data model +
+
Program design +
+

+ + + + + + +

Data model

+ +GIS is a software system for processing spatial data. So, adequate model +of spatial phenomena is most important thing for GIS. +

+It should provide way to represent spatial phenomena in computer memory, +allow to perform desired operation on this representation and let user +see the results in form, he used to. Ideally, GIS system should hide +complicated issues of internal data storage from user as well as text +processor hides questions of font rendering or kerning or SQL database +hides actual file layout and search technologies, providing simple, +but powerful relational operations instead. +

+Many modern +GIS systems, especially vector based, like ARC/Info, try to +represent map of spatial phenomena rather than spatial phenomena +itself. It leads to overcomplication of storage format and processing +algorithms, and makes user worry about such technical things as polygon +topology, which are completely irrelevant to his problem (say geology +or soil science), as font rendering hints and kerning is irrelevant to +contents of article, typesetted with some partcular font. Maps are +tool for analyse spatial data, widely used, but no more than tool. +GIS system should deal with them, becouse it is neccesary to use +existing data, which are represented on maps, and present results to +user in understandable form of maps, but while processing data we should +take into account properties of actual phenomena, rather then properties +of chartographic representation like polygons. +

Functional model

+ +In f(GIS) we use term layer to denote computer representation of +spatial phenomena. We define layer as function which maps geographical +coordinates to value of some property. Closest analogue of our +layer is spatial variable in geostatistics. +

+Layer values can be either real numbers or elements of some finite sets. +If you want to study more complicated spatial phenomena, it is better +to describe it as set of layers rather then individual layer with +structured value. Obvoisly you'll not need values of all attributes in +question for all desired calculations, and separating them makes your +actions more clear. +

+Becouse layers are defined as functions it is theoretically possible to +apply well develped mathematical apparatus of functional analysis to +them. + + +

Layer classification

+Layers can be classified by their area of definition and their set of +values. By area of definition we can distinguish between: + +

Two-dimensional layers +: which are defined on some contineous area. + It is most frequently used type of layers for physical geography. + Relief and soil type are perfect examples of such layers. Area of + definition of two-dimensional layers is usially finite, limited by + boundaries of study area or by availability of data. Areas which are + outside of area of definition are called offsite areas. +
One-dimensional layers +: are defined on set of lines within study area. Examples of such + layers are hydrography or railroad network. +
Zero-dimensional layers +: are defined on set of separate points. This layers can be used + for store information about sampling points or weather station +networks. +

+ +By the set of values layers can be classified to: +

Numeric layers +: whose values belong to some contineous interval on numeric axis, +for example relief layers, which have any value between lowest and +highest altitude in the study area. +
Classification layers +: which have finite set of values. f(GIS) allows to use arbitrary +strings as elements of such set. Soil map which has names of soil series +as values can be used as an example. +

+ +This simple classification covers all theoretically important types of +layers. Dealing with implementation we'll have to classify layers +further, for example, according to source of thematic data. But for +data analysis it is not significant whether data are stored in disk +file or come from some data asquition system on the fly. It is only +important to know type of values and whether they are defined for +any point of study area or not. + +

Implementation of data model

+ +Spatial phenomena seldom can be expressed by some mathematical equation. +Even if they can, finding of this equation is usially aim of analysis, +not a starting point. So, we need to store values of layers in any +point they are defined. Raster is natural way to store data for +two-dimensional layers.

+ (Raster is just big matrix of numeric values, stored +in special format to reduce storage space. If raster is used in GIS +processing, it should be known, how to find row and column numbers given +real word coordinates and vice versa) +

+f(GIS) uses raster data format developed for EPPL7 GIS system. This +format have several advantages - it is compressed and allows random +access at the same time and it is able to deal with very fine +resolution. For example Landscape map of exUSSR with spatial resolution +(raster cell size) 500m and more than 3000 distinct kinds of landscapes +occupies about 9MB of disk space. Due to such properties of data +format, it is advisable to work with raster cell size significantly less +then known accuracy of data. Resolution of maps can be compatible with +resolution of your scanner and printer - modern processors are powerful +enough to bear it, so raster doesn't mean loss of precession. +

+This data format is able to hold values in range 0..65535. While it is +always sufficient for classification layers, it can look that for +numeric layers it is better to use real numbers. But data always have +finite accuracy, which is usially less than 1/65535 of total range, +and even if we can take measurements with larger precession, we should +take into account spatial variability within one raster cell. +

+For example, if we have map of relief of Russia with 500 meter cell, +we need to represent range from -28 (Caspian coast) to 5642 (Elbrus) +meters above sea level. Thus smallest usable unit is about 10 cm. +Some points' altitude may be measured with more accuracy (for example, +triangualtion points), but each raster cell represents 500x500 meters +square which always would have more than 10cm of variability. +Even if value of our layer should have more precession in some part +of its range, we could use non-linear (for instance logarithmic) mapping +of raster cell values to layer values. +

+But even with compression, raster files occupy significant storage +space. So, we should avoid duplication of them if possible. Thus we +introduce concept of reclass tables. Reclass table maps values +of raster cell to another set of integer in arbitrary order. Don't mix +reclass table with mapping function which is used for convert raster +cell values to real units of numeric layer. For example if we have +statistical data of populations by county and want to create population +them as map, we can use reclass table over county map. Several counties +with different names, which have distinct values in county map raster, +can be mapped to same class in population density map if their population +density is same. +

+Point layer is just list of triplets < X, Y, Value >. Typically +point layer doesn't contain more than few thousands of points, so there +is no need to optimize performance or storage space. +

+Natural storage form of one-dimensional layer is vector format. +It is most questionable area in current fGIS design. There are a lot of +advantages of EPPL7 vector format (compactness, speed of processing), +but it have only one drawback, which overcomes them all - it can +associate only one value with whole vector object (polyline). But +if we are talking about the function, defined on set of lines, whe +should be prepared that this function (stream depth for instance) would +vary from one end of line to other. +

+It is also a question how intersections and joints of lines should +be stored/interpreted, becouse most interesting network analysis +algorithmes require ability to cross joints and intersections. +

+ +

Regions and chartographic projection

+ +Study area usially have hierarchical structure. For example Russia +can be subdivided to administrative regions, which consists of +districts. United States consists of states, which are divided into +counties. Often study is concerned only with one of such hierarchy +levels, but there are opposite examples. +

+Each hierarchy level have its typical data accuracy (which is rough +representation of map scale in GIS world, becouse GIS maps can be +arbitrarily scaled, but only certain scale range make sense for +particular data accuracy), chartographic projection (especially +significant for large areas like whole country or continent). +On thematic maps like soils or vegetation, different classifications +can be used in different scales. +

+So, f(GIS) uses concept of regions. Region is set of layers, +which cover almost same territory, have exactly same projection and +simular spatial resolution. Regions can be nested, i.e. region of +Russia can have several subregions of administrative regions, which +have subregions of districts etc. In this case there should be base +layer +which have subregion names as values. When copiing data between regions +f(GIS) authomatically performs neccessary projection and resolution + conversion using base layer as reference. Classification conversion, +if neccessary, should be performed by user, becouse it requires +knowledge in problem area. + +

Program design

+ +f(GIS) is designed as set of extensions to Tcl programming language +and set of independent utilities, which perform most time consuming +raster and vector processing tasks. Thus long operations can be launched +in background as separate while user continues to view/analyze data in +main program. +

+From users point of view, fGIS is Tcl application which allows him +to operate with set of layers from GUI as well as from Tcl command line. +It is essential design constraing that there should be no operation, +which can be performed from GUI, but couldn't be from Tcl script. There +should be way to automate everything. Other way around is enusred by +very nature of Tcl. Nothing prevent user, which have direct access to +Tcl interpreter from creating new button or menu item and binding any +Tcl command to it. +

+From programmers point of view, fGIS consists of several abstraction +levels, all available for extension and modification. And I think that +every fGIS user can eventually become programmer, if he discoveres need +to implement some, just invented, data analysis algorithm, or customize +graphical user interface to his needs. Relationship between fGIS +abstraction levels is shown on this figure. +

+ +

Layer as Tcl object

+Layers in fGIS behave like objects in object-oriented programming +language. Once created with layer command they become tcl +commands itself (i.e. name of layer can be used as Tcl command), +just like Tk widget. Options of layer command allow to manipulate +properties of layer and store layer definition to file. This file +is just Tcl script which creates neccessary subobjects and invokes +appropriate command to create layer. +

Layer have following properties +

It can return value by coordinates +: It is why whole thing is about +
It can one or more ways to draw itself +: Raster layer can be drawn in opaque colors, so only offsite area is +transparent or using transparent monochrome patterns, thus allowing to +overlay one raster over another. In most existing raster GIS, like +Idrisi only vector or point layers can be overlayed over raster. +
+In f(GIS) any +layer can be drawn as overlay +There are three drawing modes for raster layer, +color, pattern and symbol. +
It has underlying data source +: Data source for layers typically consist of some object which can + return integer value given coordinate (raster file, combined with +reclass table, for example) and legend table or map +function which maps values of underlying raster object to +thematically meaningful values. +
It has visualization parameters +: visualization fo layer is controlled by several parameters such as +color palette, pattern set, flag, indicating if boundaries between +classes are drawn or not. All these parameters can be changed +interactively. +
It has metadata +: Metadata for layer typically include layer title, units in which +its values are managed, spatial resolution and value precession. +Chartographic projection is property of region rather than layer. +

+ +Besides layer types described above fGIS have +object layer type. This layer type can consist of any objects +allowed in Tcl canvas - lines, arcs, polygons, images with only one +thematic value for each object. This type is primarily for annotation +purposes, but also can be used as substitute for vector layers, while +later are not developed +

Planchet - object for displaying maps

+Another type of object which is essential for fGIS user is +planchet. It is Tk widget like canvas (and actially derived from +canvas) which has chartographic projection and real-world coordinates. +It is used for displaying layers and picking points on them. Becouse +it has real-world coordinates and physical size on the screen, it always +knows its scale. When scale is changed (via zoom or window resize operation), +all layers currently displayed on planchet are redrawn appropriately. +

+ +Planchet also have look feature. If right mouse button is pressed +on some point in planchet, it displays values of several layers in this +point in pop-up window. +

+There can be also "friend widgets" like status line which +display current coordinates if mouse is over planchet or zoom/unzoom +buttons which change its state depending of current state of planchet. +

Drawing modes for raster layer

+ +f(GIS) supports three drawing modes for raster layers - color, pattern +and symbol mode. +

In color mode,: each value (or range of values, if +values are real number) of layer corresponds with particular color on +screen/paper. This is simplest drawing mode and it is supported by all +raster-oriented GIS. +
In pattern mode: contineous areas of same class are filled +by black and white patterns, which is suitable for black and white +printers. But this mode allows much more - patterns can have any color +and background of pattern is transparent rather then white, so patterned +layer can be overlaid over other raster layers. Boundaries between +areas with different classes (polygons) can be highlighted in this mode as well as +in color mode. +
Symbol mode: looks much like pattern mode and use same pattern +sets as it. But it handles patterns differently. In pattern mode, +patterns can be cut if polygon boundary crosses rectangle, representing +pattern element. In symbol mode pattern elemet is interpreted like icon, +which can be either drawn entirely, or not drawn at all. So visible area +of map is divided into rectangular grid of size of pattern element and +each cell of this grid is filled with pattern, apropriate for central +point of this cell. +

+Differences between these thre modes are shown on following figure: +

+ + +

Low level objects

+ +There are additional objects like rasters, palettes and pattern sets. +But user seldom need to operate on them directly. They are primarily +for developers of new layer types. + + +

GIS operation

+GIS operation like calculationg buffer zones or computing new layer +from several existing are performed by separate utilities running in background. For user convinience +there are tcl procedures which take one or more layer names as arguments +and call appropriate utility. +

+Example of such procedure is interregion copy command, which tooks +layer name and name of target region, determines projections and calls +projection conversion program. +

+In some cases such procedures need to perform sufficient preprocessing +of user-supplied arguments + +

Utilities

+ +GIS processing utilities are more general than fGIS. They use just +data files and user-supplied arguments. So they can be used separately +from fGIS, for example by users of EPPL7 GIS. Utilities are designed +for batch environment, so they use exit codes to report status and +stdin/stdout to recieve and return values which are not fit in command +line. Important concept of these utilities is that user shouldn't worry +about raster cell size. All utilites which operate on several raster +files are able to deal with files with different cell sizes as long +as there is non-empty intersection in terms of real-world coordinates. + +

Data access library

+ +Both low-level Tcl objects (rasters, vectors) and utilites use common +C library to access data files. This library provides appropriately +high-level framework for those who want implement own data analysis + algorithmes. For example it includes iterator routines, which recieve +user-written function and open raster file and perform this function +on every cell of given file. While library operates primarily in terms +of raster cells (which can be important for cellular automata +algorithmes, which need to distinguish between ``this cell'' and +``neighbouring cell'') it provides ways to process files with different +cell sizes simulateously. + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/geography/fGIS/drawing-modes.gif b/geography/fGIS/drawing-modes.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d47f341 Binary files /dev/null and b/geography/fGIS/drawing-modes.gif differ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/index.html b/geography/fGIS/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fe5611 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ + + +fGIS project + + +

f(GIS) project

+ +fGIS stands for "functional GIS". It means that fGIS uses +functional data model rather than object-oriented. Spatial phenomena +are interpreted as functions of spatial coordinates, defined on +some subset of earth surface. Such subset can be contineous area, +or set of lines, like transport or hydrography network, or even +set of isolated points. +

+ +I hope that such approach would allow to develop powerful map operation +language much like simple relational model of tabular data give birth to SQL. +

+Idea of fGIS was born when I've worked on DOS with EPPL7 and Arc/Info GIS systems. I've found that +on most tasks, related with natural sciences, EPPL7 outperforms Arc/Info +hundred times or so. So, I wanted to have system which is open-source, +have purified ideology, and is free from some EPPL7 limitations, caused +by 16-bit nature of DOS. Later I've found that GRASS already implements most of my ideas, +but GRASS is huge and knowing how other raster GIS like IDRISI are outperformed +by EPPL7, I have very few hopes that its existense makes my efforts useless. +

+Concepts of project, both data model and program design are described +on separate page +

+If you could read Russian, you can read old conceptual paper on functional GIS. + +

Project structure

+ +To avoid inventing of yet another, incompatible scripting language, we +decided to develop f(GIS) as extension to Tcl/Tk. It give us not only +full-featured macro language, but also cross-platform GUI and large set +of extensions, including interfaces to major RDBMS servers. +

+fGIS project now consists of following parts: +

Portable C library to access EPPL7 data files.
+ Documentation in russian language and PDF format + is available. Later, I've decided to drop EPPL DGT vecrtor format in + favor of my own, which would be more suitable for fGIS concept. DGT + is bit too object oriented for me, while it is most compact and fast + of non-topology vector GIS formats available. +
Environmental planning Utilities - reimplementation of major EPPL7 + commands. EPPL7 stands for Environmental Planning Programming Language, + but I don't want special language for it. There are lot of existing ones. + I prefer to use Unix toolbox philosophy, so it is set of independednt + utilities. +
+ Not all of this utilites are written yet. + +
Tcl extensions to visualize data + It is simple and most portable way to write map viewer. Planned + features include drawing of raster maps as semi-transparent patterned + images, which allow to overlay raster over raster, but now only + colored maps work. This extension includes commands for editing raster + files and for spatial queries + +
Set of Tcl libraries to implement high-level tools. + It should lead + to complete graphical application with powerful macro language (TCL itself), + access to most of SQL servers (all which have Tcl interface libraries, + including ODBC standard on Win32 platform). + This libraries should include wrappers + for utilities, to hide from user two important things: +
1. that raster values are always integer numbers rather than text strings +or real numbers and "legend files" are used to map one to another +
2. that logical map layer is not nessecary stored in separate raster file. +It can share raster with other layer and differ from it only in value +remapping (reclass) table. +
+ This libraries consist of several abstraction layers, which are not properly + documented yet. +
Tcl application which provides graphical user environment. Idea behind + it is that most everyday tasks should be performed by few mouse clicks, +but if you want more you always can open Tcl console and have a full power +of Tcl at your fingertips, including ability to modify GUI. + + +
Current state
+ +f(GIS) project haven't reach evel alpha stage yet. +I would consider it alpha not sooner than at least 80% of features would +be implemented. But it is already usable for those who own EPPL7 and want portable viewer for their maps +or utilities which overcome some limitations of EPPL7. You can browse +TO DO list. I would be grateful if you would peek +something from it and attempt to implement it. + +
+There is no snapshots and releases. This page have only historical +interest +
+Be sure to read installation instructions +before attempt to install fGIS. +
+Of course, it is not guaranteed even to compile, nevertheless to run, +although it have been used successfully on Linux (GCC 2.7.2), +Solaris-SPARC (GCC 2.7.2) and (utilities only) DOS (Watcom C 10). +It would almost undoubtely fail to compile on 64-bit platform (any +brave soul with Alpha or UltraPenguin to port?). +
+Current version of visualisation library works with Tcl/Tk 8.0p2. +It should also work with Tcl 7.6p2/Tk 4.2p2. + +Note that dash patch is +almost neccessary, becouse without it Tk would unable +to print (save to postscript) raster maps, produced by f(GIS). + +Img extensioncan also +be helpful, if your raster data are not limited to GIS maps. +Note that +current version of patch, accompaniing this extension, allows to make offsite of raster maps transparent. In future, this would be requirement, but +for now, while fGIS is not fully functional. I don't like to force you to + apply patches which could break your +other Tcl scripts or extensions. + +
Distribution policy
+Once f(GIS) would be released, it would be distributed +under GNU Public license. +Pre-alpha versions are freely downloadable, but can be used for evaluation +only unless you are planning to take part in development. If f(GIS) is useful for you even in such limited state, contact me and I would consider marking some parts of project alpha, +thus allowing their redistribution. + + + + diff --git a/geography/fGIS/install.html b/geography/fGIS/install.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeabc61 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/install.html @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ + + +fGIS installation instruction + + + + +
fGIS installation instructions
+Before compiling and installing fGIS you should have working +installation of Tcl/Tk 8.0 +
+Pre-alpha snapshots of fGIS source tree do not include correct +install target in makefile. +
+So, you must install it by hand. Source tree is organized such way that +fGIS can be loaded directly from compilation directory. +
+fGIS library directory should reside somewhere Tcl can find its packages +i.e. as subdirectory of one of directories in tcl_pkgPath. +
+Directory tree should have following structure: +
```
+  fgis
+    |
+    +-pkgIndex.tcl
+    +-fgis.so (fgis.dll)
+    +-fgis.rc
+    +-tcl/
+    |   |
+    |   +- various scripts
+    |
+    +--colors/
+    |   |
+    |   +-color palettes (*.clr)
+    |
+    +--symbols/
+        |
+	+-- symbol files (*.sym)
+
+
```
+ +fGIS initialization code uses some heuristics to find where its support +files are located, but sureest method is to set Tcl variable +fGIS_HOME to the top of fGIS library directory before loading dynamic +library. +
+your pkgIndex.tcl can look as +
```
+package ifneeded Fgis 1.0 {set fGIS_HOME /usr/local/lib/fgis; load /usr/local/lib/fgis/fgis.so}
+
```
+
+Directory tcl in fgis source tree contain two executable scripts - +mapview and hypermap. They are sample fGIS +applications. In Unix they can be easily moved to any directory in your +PATH - with correctly set up pkgIndex.tcl they'll find support files +anywhere. On windows they should be renamed to mapview.tcl and +hypermap.tcl so they could be started with double click. +
+More to follow soon.. + + + + + + + diff --git a/geography/fGIS/levels.gif b/geography/fGIS/levels.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4b1bb7 Binary files /dev/null and b/geography/fGIS/levels.gif differ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/lib_doc.pdf b/geography/fGIS/lib_doc.pdf new file mode 100755 index 0000000..8edcebe Binary files /dev/null and b/geography/fGIS/lib_doc.pdf differ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/border.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/border.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cace5a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/border.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ + + + + + +BORDER(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+border - plots contour boundaries of raster file into vector file + +
SYNOPSIS
+border [-v] [-m] [-l] [-t value ] [-o output_file ] +
DESCRIPTION +
+Creates a dgt file with lines which delimit different classes in input +epp file. If -l option given, puts a label point into each closed polygon. +
+Default output filename is constructed from name of input file, by replacing +suffix .epp by .dgt .
+Lines can be created "staircase"-like or smooth. Smoothing +is controlled by tolerance factor, which defines maximum size of line +segment, which can be changed.
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
Display brief usage information +and exit successifully.
+ +
--version
+
Display version number and exit successifully. +
+ +
-%, --verbose
+
Display progress indication. Useful on large files, but significantly +decreases performans on small ones.
+ +
-m, --margins
+
Controls behavouir on file +edges. By default border treats all areas outside file as offsite, but +when this option given, it assumes that all classes at the file edge are +continued outside it.
+ +
-t --tolerance
+
Defines tolerance value. Default is zero +-- no smoothing.
+ +
-o --output-file
+
Allows to specify output file name explicitly. +
+
+
+ +
BUGS
+Label creation is unwritten yet
+
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/clip.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/clip.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4f2bfb --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/clip.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ + + + + + +CLIP(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+clip - clips a region from old file using mask file +
SYNOPSIS
+clip + [-%] [-m number] [-o filename] [--help][--version] file mask +
DESCRIPTION
+Clip +creates new file, containing part of old file, which corresponds to given +onsite area or specified class of mask file.
+Cell size of new file would +be equial to cell size of mask file. If cell sizes don't match, ``nearest +neighbour'' algorithm would be used for rescaling.
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays +brief usage information.
+ +
--version
+
displays version number
+ +
-%
+
Displays percentage +of processed lines in file.
+ +
-o file --output-file=file
+
gives the name for +output file. Defaults to mosaic.out.epp
+ +
-m number--mask-value=number
+
Clip region +which has class number in the mask file. Otherwise all onsite area of mask +file would be clipped.
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+window(1) +,mosaic(1) +,eheader(1) +
+ +
AUTHOR +
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su>
+ +
BUGS
+
+ Should deal with different +cell sizes.
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/cluster.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/cluster.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b8dba8 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/cluster.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ + + + + + +CLUSTER(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+cluster - fills each contour on raster map with its own color +
SYNOPSIS +
+cluster [-v] [-f] input_file [-o output_file ] [-c line_color ] [-T temp_dir] + +
DESCRIPTION
+Paints each area in epp file, surrounded by color line_color +by unique color from 1 to maximal contour number. Can handle up to 65535 +contours in file.
+Requires at least three time more space in temporary +directore then input file occupies.
+By default assumes that line color +is 0 and output file name cluster.out.epp
+Performs two passes on input file +and between them prints to stdout information about number of contours +in output file and temporary numbers assigned when calculating contours. +So, redirect standard output, if start cluster in background mode. +
OPTIONS +
+ +
+ +
-v
+
Verbose mode. Information about current line in processing is printed +to stderr.
+ +
-c line_color
+
- Set contour separation color to line_color.
+ +
-o +output_file
+
- overrides default name of output file.
+ +
-f input_file
+
- Equivalent +of simple command-line parameter without option prefix.
+ +
-? " -h"
+
- Print brief +help message and exit successifully.
+ +
-T directory
+
- Uses directory instead +of /tmp for storing temporary files
+
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+lessa(1) +, mappaint(1) +, +mapcopy(1) +, eheader(1) +, epp(5) +, dgt(5) +
+ +
BUGS
+For some unknown reason +reports very strange errors (usially page faults) or produces very strange +results, when compilied under DOS. So use unix versions.
+It seems obvouis, +that same program must perform rasterize operation, but this still not +implemented. +
AUTHOR
+Vitus Wagner, SoftWeyr.
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/eheader.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/eheader.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a377c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/eheader.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ + + + + + +EHEADER(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+eheader - display and modify headers of EPPL7 data files +
SYNOPSIS +
+eheader options files
+maplist files
+mapalign base_file [-v] files +
DESCRIPTION +
+Applies given editing commands to list of epp or dgt files.
+Several commands +are applicable to both file types and several to epp (raster) files only. +No warning is issued when dgt file is processed during section when epp-specific +commands used, becouse several epp-files can be processed at same time. +
+No warning is issued also when no editing commands given, therefore this +utility can be used just for viewing header information.
+When invoked as +maplist, simply dumps headers of given files.
+when invoked as mapalign +performs same operations as with -A key, but only other option accepted +is -v. This option may be given as before, as after base file.
+
+ +
UNIVERSAL +OPTIONS
+This commands can be applied to both dgt (vector) and epp (raster) +files. +
+ +
-v
+
- dumps file header information after applying any edit options +to stdout.
+
+
+ +
+ +
-x increment
+
- shifts alternative x by increment. Increment +can be any real number, both positive and negative.
+ +
-y increment
+
- same +with alternative y
+ +
-s factor
+
- multiplies all coordinates by factor
+
+
+This +commands cannot be used together with explicit settings of some alternative +coordinate limit. +
+ +
-Xl value or -XL value
+
- sets alternative x of left border +to specified value
+ +
-Xr value or -XR value
+
- same with right border
+ +
-Yb value +or -YB value,-Yt value or -YT
+
- same with bottom and top y
+ +
-p name
+
- set +projection type to name. Available projection types ( EPPL7 version 3.0 +) are:
+ +
none
+
- cause EPPL ver 3 to say "No alternate coordinates"
+ +
utm +or UTM
+
- UTM projection
+ +
stplate
+
- state plane (projection for US state +maps)
+ +
ll
+
- latitude and longitude (geographic coordinates)
+
+ + +
EPP SPECIFIC +COMMANDS
+Following is applicable to EPP files only: +
+ +
-o n
+
- set offsite +value to n. Value can be in range -32768 65535. Negative values are equivalent +to 65536-abs(n). Values above 255, applied to 8-bit data files are silently +translated into -1 (no offsite)
+ +
-fr n
+
- set first row to n and updates +last row field respectively.
+ +
-fc n
+
- set first column to n and updates +last column field.
+ +
-A filename
+
- align to specified file, i.e updates row/column +coordinates so row and column with same number have same alternative coordinates. +
+ +
-a value
+
- set cell area to value.
+ +
-c "string"
+
- fills description field +of the header. String must be single command line argument, but not nessecary +need quotes.
+ +
-u name
+
- set area unit type, where unit type may be:
+ +
none +
+
- cause EPPL ver 3 to say "No alternate coordinates"
+ +
ft
+
- square feet +
+ +
m
+
- square meters
+ +
km
+
- square kilometers
+ +
mile - square miles
+
+ +
ha
+
- hectares +
+ +
acre
+
- acres
+
+
+This command does not perform any recalculation, it just +update unit name field. Use -a command for change cell area value respectively. + + +
OPTION COMPATIBILYTY
+Some options of eheader cannot coexist together +in same command line. there are two groups of options with incompatibilities +between subgroup of each group.
+ First, options dealing with alternative +coordinates. There are options -Xl -Xr -Yt -Yb, which set alternative coordinates +explicitely, and options -x -y -s, which change coordinates by arithmetic +calculations. Explicit and arithmetic changes of coordinates are not allowed +simulateneously, becouse it is to hard to understand, which kind user +want to apply first.
+ Second, options dealing with row/column coordinates +of epp files. Here there are options -A and -fr -fc which performs directly +opposite task. (usially -fr -lr are used to set first row and column to +one, to process file cutted from large file separately and -A to change +it back to mosaic(1) + file into larger one.
+ +
SEE ALSO
+lessa(1) +, mappaint(1) +, +mapcopy(1) + epp(5) +, dgt(5) + +
BUGS
+No check is performed by -fr and -lr command +to ensure that row/column values are in valid range.
+-A command sometimes +miscalculates one cell. (but EPPL ver 2.1 does the same). +
AUTHOR
+Vitus Wagner, +SoftWeyr.
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- UNIVERSAL OPTIONS
- EPP SPECIFIC COMMANDS
- OPTION COMPATIBILYTY
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
- AUTHOR
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/extents.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/extents.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3695de3 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/extents.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ + + + + + +EXTENTS(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+extents - displays information about class extents in given EPP file. + +
SYNOPSIS
+extents [-%ahlrtbxtA] [-o file] file.epp +
DESCRIPTION
+
+ Extents +calculates area extents of all classes in given file and displays it in +tabular form.
+ This information includes minimal and maximal coordinates +and area of class.
+By default information is printed to stdout.
+ It may +be given in row/column and alternative coordinates. +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays +brief usage information.
+ +
--version
+
displays version number
+ +
-% --verbose
+
Displays +percentage of processed lines in file.
+ +
-o file --output-file=file
+
gives the +name for output file, to write results to, instead of standard output. +
+ +
-a --alt-coords
+
display coordinates in alternative system and area in real +units, insted of row/col and cell count.
+ +
-h --header
+
display one-line header +above table.
+ +
-l --sort-left
+
sort classes by leftmost coordinate
+ +
-r --sort-right +
+
sort classes by rightmost coordinate
+ +
-t --sort-top
+
same for topmost coordinate +
+ +
-b --sort-bottom
+
I'm tired with this sort orders
+ +
-A --sort-area
+
Sort classes +by count of cells.
+ +
-x --sort-x-center
+
Sort by x-coordinate of center of rectangle, +containing all cells of that class. -y --sort-y-center same, but by y-coordinate +
+
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+outtable(1) +
+ +
AUTHOR
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su>
+ +
BUGS +
+
+ ???
+
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/fgisRasterColorImage.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/fgisRasterColorImage.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32d0167 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/fgisRasterColorImage.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,144 @@ + + + + + +palette(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+
+ +
NAME
+fgisRasterColorImage, fgisRasterBWImage - render raster object into +planchet item
+ +
SYNOPSIS
+fgisRasterColorImage raster planchet item ?option +?
+ fgisRasterBWImage raster planchet item ?option ?
+ +
DESCRIPTION
+
+ These +commands perform visualisation of fGIS raster objects in fGIS planchet +(essentially same as Tk canvas). They work on platform independent manner, +creating visible representation of layer in Tk image object, which should +be previously created.
+ User (and even application writer) seldom accesses +this commands directly. Raser layer objects and planchet subcommands should +be used to visualize raster layers.
+ These commands controls all attributes +of layer appearance, which have no semantic meaning. I.e. raster file class +to palette index correspondence is part of raster object, becouse it also +used for access legend and GIS operation, while palette itself appear +only in call to this command, becouse it used only to visualisation.
+ + +
ARGUMENTS
+
+ +
+ +
raster -
+
name of fGIS raster object (see raster (n) +).
+
+
+ +
+ +
planchet + -
+
name of fGIS planchet widget. Planchet should be mapped and have coordinate +system already defined.
+
+
+ +
+ +
item -
+
ID of planchet item to render raster in. +It should exist, be of type image and contain valid image (photo for fgisRasterColorImage + and bitmap for fgisRasterBWImage ) in its -image atribute.
+
+
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
-border +option -
+
specifies whether borders between raster object classes or base +file classes (polygon borders) should be drawn. Option can be one of none +, yes , base . Abbreviations are not allowed (bug?). yes means that borders +are drawn only between distinct classes of current raster object, base + means that borders should be drawn if base file classes are distinct, +even if they are reclassed into same value. Useful for choropleth plots. +
+
+
+ For symbol plots option is ignored. Defaults to none for color images +and yes for BW images. +
+ +
-color color
+
- specifies color to plot borders +in color mode or for entire image in pattern or symbol mode. color can +be any form of color specification, acceptable by Tk. Defaults to "black". +
+ +
-map option -
+
specifies how to deal with map classes, which exceed palette +or pattern range (0-255). Option is one of wrap - use symbol (color) class%255 + for classes which exceeds 255, none - use symbol (color) 255 for all +these clases and number - map range 0-max class to range 0-number . Defaults +to wrap .
+ +
-palette palettename (color only) -
+
specifies fGIS palette object +to use for coloring of map classes. Defaults to defaultpalette .
+ +
-patterns +patternname (BW only) -
+
sets plotting mode to pattern and specifies pattern +set to plot. In pattern mode patterns are clipped by polygon boundaries, +and thus any border modes are allowed. Defaults to {} (empty pattern). This +mode is default for fgisRasterBWImage
+ +
-symbols patternname (BW only) +-
+
sets plotting mode to symbol and specifies pattern set to plot. In symbol +mode patterns can be drawn only at whole, so if central point of pattern +belongs to certain class, pattern for this class would be drawn on entire +rectangle. Borders are never plotted in this mode No defaults, becouse +this mode must be turned on explicitely.
+ +
-update {x1 y1 x2 y2}
+
- Specifies, +that only part of image should be replotted. Useful for raster editing +application. Rectangle to update is given in map coordinates. It is clipped +by image boundaries.
+
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+raster(n) +,planchet(n) +,palette(n) +, patterns(n) + +
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- ARGUMENTS
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/legend.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/legend.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1720471 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/legend.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ + + + + + +legend(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+legend - Create and manipulate EPTcl legends
+ +
SYNOPSIS
+legend read +filename options
+ legend parse string
+ legend set list
+ +
DESCRIPTION +
+
+ legend creates legend object, which is used to store and manipulate +descriptive information about maps. There are three ways to create legend: + +
+ +
from file, which shoild be an EPPL7 legend file
+
+ +
from string, which should +hold content of such file
+
+ +
from Tcl list, simular to one, used for array +set command
+
+
+
+legend command returns handle for legend which is unique +identifier, used for subsequent references for this legend. It creates +new Tcl command with name of this identifier, that used to manipulate +legend.
+Actually, legend object is combination of global array and Tcl +procedure, and legend handle is simply name of both of them.
+ +
OPTIONS +
+ +
+ +
legend read filename
+
Opens and reads text file in EPPL7 format. Each +line of this file contain number and descriptive text, separated by two +spaces (originally, there should be some information concering printing +map on line printer (not graphical one) between this spaces, but this +format is no longer used and supported. Numbers between 0 and 65535 are +considered map classes and numbers -2 and -1 have special meaning - they +are considered legend title and subtitle respecitvely. There can be several +lines with same classes in legend. They are concatenated. Note that EPTcl +never uses this line separations as line breaks when outputting legend +(may be this should go to BUGS section)
+ +
legend parse string
+
Produces +legend from string which should be identical to content of EPPL7 legend +file.
+ +
legend set list
+
Produces legend from Tcl list. Such list can be +obtained by array get legendname command. Differ from array set in that +finds correct name for legend and defines object command for it. Can be +used to create empty legend for subsequentual filling by legendname set + subcommand. In this case empty list should be specified.
+
+
+ +
OBJECT COMMAND +
+ +
+ +
legendName classes
+
Return sorted list of classes defined in legend
+ +
legendName +delete
+
Destructor of object. Unsets all data and destroys object command. +
+ +
legendName drawable ?boolean?
+
if boolean specified, set legend drawmode +and return nothing. Otherwise returns 0 or 1, depending of current settings. +Drawmode controls if legend could be displayed in legend box.
+ +
legendName +get class
+
Returns value of given class or string "Not defined",such +class is not defined. String could be changed by changing value of element +udefined_legend of global array fgis
+ +
legendName print
+
Returns content +of legend in form of EPPL7 legend format as string.
+ +
legendName set class +value
+
Changes description of given class
+ +
legendName subtitle ?string +?
+
If no string specified, returns current legend subtitle. Otherwise +replaces subtitle by given string
+ +
legendName title ?string ?
+
If no string + specified, returns current legend title. Otherwise replaces title by given +string
+
+ +
BUGS
+None noticed
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- OBJECT COMMAND
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/mosaic.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/mosaic.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3f33a61 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/mosaic.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ + + + + + +MOSAIC(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+mosaic - merges several epp files together +
SYNOPSIS
+mosaic [-%RA] +[-O number] [-o filename] [--help][--version]files +
DESCRIPTION
+Mosaic merges +several epp-files into one. If some cell has non-offsite value in several +files, value from last files would be used.
+Cell sizes of all old files +must be equial. Usially mosaic deals with properly aligned files, but +it can deal with misaligned files, taking into account row/column or alternative +coordinates regarding to command-line options.
+If offsite value is not +explicitely given in command line, it defaults to offsite of first (base) +file if it is not used as data class in one of overlay files. In last case +offsite would be set to 255 for 8-bit and to 65535 to 16-bit files. +
OPTIONS +
+
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays brief usage information.
+ +
--version
+
displays version +number
+ +
-%
+
Displays percentage of processed lines in file.
+ +
-o file --output-file=file +
+
gives the name for output file. Defaults to mosaic.out.epp
+ +
-A --force-alt
+
Do +not complain, if files are misaligned. Use alternate coordinates to reference +them.
+ +
-R --force-row
+
Same, but use row/col cordinates.
+
+
+ +
+ +
-O value --offsite=value +
+
specifies offsite value of new file.
+
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+eheader(1) +,window(1) +
+ + +
AUTHOR
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su>
+ +
BUGS
+
+ ???
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/neighbours.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/neighbours.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..debc57d --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/neighbours.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ + + + + + +NEIGHBOURS(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+neighbours - prints list of neighbouring clasees in epp-file +
SYNOPSIS +
+neighbours [-%][-d] file +
DESCRIPTION
+This command searches epp-file for +all class boundaries and print a table of class pair which are neighbouring +at least in one place. DO NOT MIX it with EPPL7 NEIGHBOUR command, which +is part of evaluate(1) + in EPU.
+ It prints pairs of classes to stdout, one +per line separated by commas.
+ Each pair of classes can be printed once +or twice, first among neighbours of first class in pair, than neighbours +of second.
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays brief usage information.
+ +
--version
+
displays +version number
+ +
--verbose -%
+
Displays percentage of processed lines in file. +
+ +
-d --double
+
print each pair twice.
+
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+outtable(1) +,mapcolor(1) +,evaluate(1) +,extents(1) +. +
+ +
AUTHOR
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su>
+ +
BUGS
+
+ ???
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/outtable.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/outtable.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9c327d --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/outtable.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ + + + + + +OUTTABLE(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+outtable - computes table of statistics from several epp files. +
SYNOPSIS +
+outtable [options] [function] file [ [function] file ...]
+ +
DESCRIPTION +
+outtable takes several epp-files counts all possible combinations of +classes in them and produces table of them.
+Some files can be preceded +by function Such files wouldn't be used to define new combination. Instead, +corresponding column of table would contain value of function, computed +from this file for area, defined by combination of classes of all "function-less" +files.
+All files, used to define combination, should be specified before +first file with function.
+If no function defined, table would be appended +by column, containing area of each combination.
+If all files have function, +table would contain only one row, containing values of the functions for +all area.
+If files have different cell size and limits, limits and coordinate +systems of the first file are used, unless overriden by --base option. +
+By default, semantic value of classes are considered equial to values +of classes. This can be overridden by specifying parameters of linear mapping +function using
+ -z and -Z options. This option can be specified only once +per invocation, becouse usially outtable is used to calculate statistics +for one file in combinations, given by several other files.
+By default, +all area-related values are calculated in alternative coordinate units. +It can be overriden using -c option. +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays brief usage +information.
+ +
--version
+
displays version number
+ +
--verbose -%
+
Displays percentage +of processed lines in file.
+ +
-u --union
+
Take into account all cells, where +at least one of output files is not offsite. By default, only cells where +all input files are onsite are taken into account.
+ +
-c --cells
+
Output areas +in cells. By default map units as specified in file header are used to +compute areas.
+ +
-dchar --delimiter=char
+
sets table column separator to char. +Defaults to comma.
+ +
-b file--base file
+
Specifies epp file, used as reference +grid. Cell area and cell size of this file, as well as its coordinate limits +would be used for processing. Defaults to first file in the command line. +
+ +
-z value
+
Specifies multiplier for calculating semantic value from class +value.
+ +
-Z value
+
Specifies offset of semantic values, i.e. semantic value +of class 0.
+
+ +
FUNCTIONS
+ +
+ +
-sum
+
Sum of classes in given file for combination, +multiplied by cell area.
+ +
-cnt
+
Count of onsite cells of given file.
+ +
-avg +
+
Average cell value
+ +
-min
+
Minimum cell value
+ +
-nmin
+
Area of cells with minimum +value
+
+
+ +
+ +
-max
+
Maximum cell value
+ +
-nmax
+
Area of cells with maximum value +
+ +
-mode
+
Modal value (value of most cells)
+ +
-nmode
+
Area of cells with modal +value
+ +
-fewest
+
Class with fewest cells
+ +
-nfewest
+
Area of cells in fewest +class
+ +
-range
+
Range of classes (maximum-minimum)
+ +
-classes
+
Number of different +classes
+ +
-or
+
Bitwise or of all cells (values of -z and -Z options are not +used)
+ +
-and
+
Bitwise and of all cells (values of -z and -Z options are not +used)
+ +
-std
+
Standard deviation of classes
+ +
-var
+
Variance of classes
+ +
-corr +
+
Correlation coefficient between two files. Requires two arguments.
+
+ +
SEE +ALSO
+intable(1) +,reclass(1) +,evaluate(1) +,resample(1) +,eheader(1) +
+ +
AUTHOR +
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su>
+ +
BUGS
+
+ ???
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- FUNCTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/palette.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/palette.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a81f42 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/palette.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ + + + + + +palette(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+
+ +
NAME
+palette - Create and manipulate color palettes
+ +
SYNOPSIS
+ palette +option ?arg ?
+ +
DESCRIPTION
+
+This command creates palette object, which +is used for map visualisation. Palette is array of 256 RGB color specifications, +indexed by integers from 0 to 255. Typically palette entry N is used for +displaying map class N. Upon creation of object new Tcl command with same +name as object is defined and can be used for manipulating palette. palette + command returns name of created object. One palette, named defaultpalette + is created during initialization of fGIS. In difference of user-created +palettes it cannot be modified.
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
palette read filename
+
- reads +palette from specified file. File should confirm EPPL7 clr file syntax. +
+ +
palette parse string
+
- reads palette from string. String should have same +format as EPPL7 clr file.
+ +
palette set list
+
- creates palette from list +of color specification. Each element of list should have format #rrggbb. +Color names are not supported by palettes. Color specifications are assigned +to palette indices in sequentual order.
+ +
palette blank
+
- creates new palette +with all entries set to white (#ffffff).
+
+
+ +
+ +
palette copy paletteName
+
- creates +a copy of existing palette. This allows to create modifable copy of default +palette.
+
+ +
OBJECT COMMAND
+Palette object names can be used as command names. +They support folowing options: +
+ +
paletteName delete -
+
destroys palette +object.
+ +
paletteName get index
+
- return color for given index in palette. +Color is returned as #rrggbb, and can be used as color specification in +Tk commands.
+ +
paletteName list
+
- return list of all colors in palette. This +list always contains 256 elements. This list can be used as argument for +palette set command, to create same palette.
+ +
paletteName print
+
- returns +string, containing content of valid EPPL7 clr file, which can be used +to reproduce this palette.
+ +
paletteName set index value
+
- changes contents +of given entry to value . Value should be in form #rrggbb. Other forms of +colors, supported by Tk are not supported by palettes.
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+patterns(n) +,fgisRasterColorImage(n) +. +
+
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- OBJECT COMMAND
- SEE ALSO
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/planchet.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/planchet.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..542b3d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/planchet.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,617 @@ + + + + + +planchet(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+
+
+ +
NAME
+planchet - Create and manipulate planchet widgets +
SYNOPSIS +
+planchet pathName ?options ? +
STANDARD OPTIONS
+
+
+ -background -insertwidth -state +
+ -insertbackground -relief -tile
+ -cursor -insertborderwidth -selectbackground -takefocus +
+ -highlightbackground -insertofftime -selectborderwidth -xscrollcommand
+ -highlightcolor -insertontime -selectforeground -yscrollcommand +
+
+See the options manual entry for details on the standard options.
+Note: + Standard optiosn -highlightthickness and -bordewidth are ignored by planchet, +and set to 0. Therefore -relief options have no effect. +
WIDGET-SPECIFIC +OPTIONS
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -coordformat
+ Database Name: coordFormat
+ Database +Class: CoordFormat
+ +
+ +
Specifies format string to display current map coordinates, +if no projection
+
defined. Defaults to "X=%0.8g Y=%0.8g"
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -orient +
+ Database Name: orient
+ Database Class: Orient
+ +
+ +
Specifies printing orientation +for this planchet. May be either portrait
+
or landscape. Defaults to landscape +
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -lookwidth
+ Database Name: lookWidth
+ Database Class: LookWidth +
+ +
+ +
Wraplength of text in popup look window. Defaults to 200.
+
+
+
+
+Command-Line +Name: -shiftfactor
+ Database Name: shiftFactor
+ Database Class: ShiftFactor +
+ +
+ +
Specifies share of window size to move on shift widget command.
+
Defaults +to 0.75
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -resizable
+ Database Name: resizable
+ Database +Class: Resizable
+ +
+ +
Specifies a boolean value that indicates whether or +not should planchet
+
adjust its width/height ratio, when coordinate limits +are first defined.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -rulerpos
+ Database Name: rulerPos +
+ Database Class: RulerPos
+ +
+ +
Indicates position of scale ruler in planchet. +(its left end). Should be
+
list of two coordinates in any form, acceptable +by Tk. Positive values are measured from top and left and negative from +lower and right side of planchet
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -scalevar
+ Database +Name: scaleVar
+ Database Class: Variable
+ +
+ +
Specifies the name of variable. +Current scale of map would be stored in
+
this variable automatically upon +each change of scale in form 1:denominator. If variable doesn't exist in +global scope, it would be created.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -statusline
+ Database +Name: statusLine
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies name of label widget +which would be used for displaying status
+
information of planchet (i.e. +current mouse pointer coordinates). Widget should exist before creating +planchet or before passing it to planchet configure command.
+
+
+
+Command-Line +Name: -legbox
+ Database Name: legBox
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies +name of canvas widget which would display scrollable legend of
+
base +layer. Note, that scrollable legend is not printed automatically by print +command. All contents of this widget would be erased each time base layer +changed in planchet.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -zoombutton
+ Database Name: zoomButton +
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies name of button, which is used to initiate +zoom operation on
+
canvas. (usially via zoom ) widget command. Planchet +controls its state, disabling it, if coordinate system is not defined. +It should exist before it passed to planchet.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -unzoombuttons +
+ Database Name: unzoomButtons
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies list +of buttons, which are used to perform various unzoom operations
+
(like +unzoom or limits default widget commands). Planchet controls their state, +disabling them if such operations are impossible.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -shiftbuttons +
+ Database Name: shiftButtons
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies list of +four buttons for perform shift operation on planchet.
+
Buttons are specified +in following order left(west) down(south) up(north) + and right(west), +the same way as vi cursor movement keys are situated on keyboard.
+
+
+
+Command-Line +Name: -zoombutton
+ Database Name: zoomButton
+ Database Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies +name of button, which is used to initiate zoom operation on
+
canvas. (usially +via zoom ) widget command. Planchet controls its state, disabling it, if +coordinate system is not defined. It should exist before it passed to planchet. +
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -unzoombuttons
+ Database Name: unzoomButtons
+ Database +Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies list of buttons, which are used to perform various +unzoom operations
+
(like unzoom or limits default widget commands). Planchet +controls their state, disabling them if such operations are impossible. +
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -shiftbuttons
+ Database Name: shiftButtons
+ Database +Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies list of four buttons for perform shift operation +on planchet.
+
Buttons are specified in following order left(west) down(south) +up(north) + and right(west), the same way as vi cursor movement keys are +situated on keyboard. This buttons should be either all be specified or +all be empty, in which case list of four empty elements should be passed. +Planchet not only controls state of buttons, but also redefines their +commands.
+
+
+
+Command-Line Name: -projection
+ Database Name: projection
+ Database +Class: none
+ +
+ +
Specifies Fgis projection object which is used to convert +chartographic
+
coordinates of planchet into geographic (latitude and +longitude) and vice versa.
+
+
+
+In addition to these all options of canvas + widget are supported. +
INTRODUCTION
+
+The planchet command creates a new +window (given by the pathName argument and makes it into planchet widget. +
+ Additional options, described above, can be given to control its behavoir. +Currently they could be specified only in command line, not in option +database, but it shoudl change in future.
+ planchet command returns its +pathName argument. At the time this command is invoked, there must not +exist a window, named pathName , but pathName 's parent must exist. planchet + command also creates new Tcl command named pathName which can be used +to control widget.
+
+ Planchet widget have all behavoir supported by Tk +canvas widget, but, in addition it could have chartographic coordinate +system and able to visualize and manipulate maps.
+ +
COORDINATE SYSTEM
+
+ +Planchet coordinate system is real-world coordinate system. Its coordinates +should be in meters of earth surface, not in pixels, millimeters or other +map sheet or screen-related units. It can be defined either explicitely +via limits widget command, or implicitely, when first map is shown in +planchet.
+ There are special commands which allow to recalculate from map +(realword) coordinates to screen coordinates. Screen coordinate system +of planchet is same as of canvas. +
LAYERS
+Planchet can visualize maps, +which are represented as Fgis layer objects. There are two ways of display +layer - as base layer or as ovelay.
+Base layers are opaque, they are typically +raster layers, shown by colors. There can be only one base layer in plachet +in given time. If legbox helper widget is defined, and legend for base +layer is drawable, it would be displayed in this widget. Several layer +types couldn't be displayed as base layers.
+
+Overlay layers are transparent, +although visible. There can be several overlay layers in planchet at given +time. Any layer can be displayed as overlay.
+When first layer is displayed +in planchet, with undefined coordinate system, coordinate system limits +for planchet are got from limits of layer. If layer cannot provide this +information, it causes an error.
+ +
HELPER WIDGETS
+
+ Planchet can be accompanied +with several other widgets, which are used to interact with user. If this +widgets are passed to planchet via commandline options (or via widget +configure ) command, it can control them automatically and disable them, +if corresponding action is impossible. See OPTIONS ABOVE .
+ +
SCALE INDICATION +
+
+ There are two traditional ways of scale indication - numerical and graphical. +As numerical indication, -scalevar option of planchet widget allows to +specfy Tcl global variable, which would always hold current value of map +scale.
+As graphical representation of scale, planchet can display scale +ruler which shows how some realword distance is visible in planchet.
+ + +
LOOK FEATURE
+
+ Planchet allows to collect information from several layers +in given point. By default it pops up window with this information on right +button click. Set of layers which included in this information is called +look list .
+ +
WIDGET COMMAND
+
+
+ The planchet command creates a new Tcl command +whose name is pathName . This command can be used to invoke various operaitons +on the widget. It has following general form:
+ pathName option ?arg arg +.. ?
+
+ Option and the arg s determine the exact behavior of the command. +Planchet supports all widget commands, defined for canvas widget and +following special commands, specific to planchet: +
+ +
pathName clear
+
Removes +all layers from planchet, and from look list and unsets coordinate system +
+ +
pathName cget option
+
Returns value of specified configuration option. +In addition to standard options and widget specific options, supports +all options of canvas widget. Several internal variables can also be obtained +this way, but it is dirty and undocumented hack.
+ +
pathName configure option +arg ?option arg ...?
+
Allows to change value of one or more options.
+ +
pathName +fit x y
+
Returns 1 if point, given in real world coordinates is inside +current planchet limits, and 0 otherwise.
+ +
pathName hide pattern ?pattern...? +
+
Removes all layers which matches pattern from planchet.
+ +
pathName layers + ?pattern ?
+
Return list of all visible layers, either base or overlays, +which match given pattern. By default - all layers.
+ +
pathName limits
+
Used +to control limits of realword coordinate system. Can have one of following +form
+ +
limits
+
Without any arguments return list of four double values, +representing real world coordinates of window sides. They are given in +folowing order:
+ XLeft YBottom XRight YTop
+
+
+ + +
+ +
limits list
+
+ +
limits xleft +ybottom xright ytop
+
Given list of four double values or four double +values as separate arguments, sets planchet limits for this value. If -resizable + option is true and no coordinate system was defined before, adjusts width/height +ratio of planchet to reflect this ratio of given limits. Otherwise expands +given limits to have same width/height ratio as widget.
+
+
+ If directions +of axes of given limits doesn't match those of currently defined coordinate +system, silently reverts them. Therefore order of coordinates in insignificant, +once coordinate system is defined.
+ If coordinate system was defined, assumes +that zooming operation is performed and stores old limits in zoom stack +for subsequent unzoom operation. If scale of given limits is smaller, then +of some limits in zoom stack, discards all elements with scale larger +than given for unzoom operation shouldn't increase scale. Nevertheless initial +limits are never discarded this way. +
+ +
limits default
+
Clears zoom stack +and restores coordinate limits to their initial values.
+
+ + +
+ +
pathName look +
+
Controls LOOK FEATURE of planchet. Can have one of following forms +
+ +
look add layer
+
adds layer to look list.
+ +
look list ?pattern ?
+
Returns +list of layers in look list, which match pattern. By default all layers +
+ +
look remove pattern
+
removes layers which match pattern from look list +
+ +
look remove all
+
clears look list entirely
+ +
look x y ?-titled|-list|-raw ? +
+
return list of information for all layers in look list at given point. +If -titled option is specified, each element in list is formatted string. +Otherwise it is two element list which first element - layer title, and +second - layer value. -raw option returns only values, without layer title +information.
+
+
+ Length of this list not neccesary matches length of look +list, becouse if some layers are undefined in given point, they do not +create list element. + +
+ +
pathName mapx x
+
+ +
pathName mapy
+
Given screen coordinate +in any form, acceptable by Tk, returns realword coordinate.
+ +
pathName print + ?option arg ...?
+
Wrapper around postscript command. Uses default Fgis font +mapping and print system, also widget default orientation. By default, +send output to default Fgis printer using command, defined in fgis configuration +file.
+
+
+ Following options are supported:
-colormode mode Same as colormode + option in canvas postscript command. +
+ +
-file filename
+
Write postscript +representation of planchet into given file, instead of piping it to print +command.
+ +
-fontmap variable
+
array used to map screen fonts to postscript +fonts. See canvas postscript command for more information.
+ +
-printer printername +
+
Overrides default printer, specified in fgis.rc file.
+
+
+ +
+ +
pathName ruler +?on|off?
+
Controls scale ruler.
+ +
pathName scale ?denominator ?
+
With no +arguments returns current scale denominator. If denominator is given, +adjust coordinate limits so that scale would be as specified and center +point of widget would have same realworld coordinates as before.
+
+
+ If any +other arguments are specified, behaves as canvas widget scale command. +
+ +
+ +
pathName scrx x
+
+ +
pathName scry y
+
Given realworld coordinate, returns +screen coordinate in pixels.
+ +
pathName setstatus
+
Displays message if -statusline + helper widget, if defined, otherwise does nothing. Can have one of two +form:
+ +
setstatus message
+
displays message as specified
+ +
setstatus x y +
+
Displays given coordinates. If no projection defined, they would be displayed +using Tcl format command with value of -coordformat option as first argument. +Otherwise they would be displayed using format object command of current +projection.
+
+ + +
+ +
pathName shift direction
+
Changes current coordinate limits +so that current view shifts in specified direction by share of corresponding +widget size, specified by -shiftfactor option.
+ +
pathName show layer ?-base +|-overlay ?
+
Displays specified layer. If neither -base nor -overlay is specifed, +shows layer as base if no base layer currently present and layer can be +displayed as base. Otherwise displays it as overlay.
+ +
pathName unzoom
+
Pops +last coordinate limits from zoom stack
+ +
pathName zoom ? x y ? x y ?? +
+
Initiates interactive zoom operation. If no coordinates are specified, +prompts user to pick both corners of rectangle to display. If one pair +is specified, prompts only for second pair. With two pairs just converts +values from canvas to realworld coordinates and performs limits command +on them.
+ pathName zoom cancel
+
+
+ + can be used to abort interactive zoom +operation currently in progress.
+ pathName zoom cancel
+
+ can be used +to abort interactive zoom operation currently in progress. +
SEE ALSO
+layer(n) + + +
BUGS
+No care taken to do something useful if interactive zoom operation +is performed on two planchets simulateously.
+
+
+
+
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- STANDARD OPTIONS
- WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- COORDINATE SYSTEM
- LAYERS
- HELPER WIDGETS
- SCALE INDICATION
- LOOK FEATURE
- WIDGET COMMAND
- SEE ALSO
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/projection.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/projection.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a93bb9a --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/projection.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,147 @@ + + + + + +projection(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+.SH NAME
+ +projection \- Create and manipulate projection objects +
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+ +\fB projection \fItype\fR ?\fIparameters\fR?
+ +.PP +
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+ +.PP + +
This command creates projection object, used to recalculate geographic
+ +
+coordinates (latitude and longitude) into map projection coodrinates. +.PP
+ +\fBprojection\fR command takes list of options and +returns name of newly created projection object. + +
Name of object can be used as Tcl command which have several subcommands
+ +
+(see \fBPROJECTION SUBCOMMANDS\fR below) used for manipulation +of projections. +
+.SH PROJECTION TYPES + +
Most important property of projection is projection type. fGIS supports
+ +
+following types of projections: +
+\» list should be here +
+.SH PROJECTION OPTIONS +
+\» list should be here +
+.SH PROJECTION SUBCOMMANDS
+ +.TP 8
+ +\fIprojName \fBforward\fI long lat\fR
+ +recieves two arguments - geographic longitude and latitude as degrees in +decimal format and returs list of two double values representing map +coordinates in meters. +
+.TP 8
+ +\fIprojName \fBbackward\fI X Y \fR
+ +performs backword transformation - given map coordinates in meters +returns longitude and latitude in decimal degrees, +.TP 8
+ +\fIprojName \fBformat\fI X Y\fR ?\fB-format\fI formatString\fR + +
Returns formatted representation of latitude and longitude. String
+ +
+can contain following escapes sequences:
+ +.RS
+ +.TP
+ +\fB%lt\fR
+ +unsigned latitude in DDMMSS format
+ +.TP
+ +\fB%lg\fR
+ +unsigned longitude in DDMMSS format
+ +.TP
+ +\fB%-t\fR \fB%-g\fR
+ +optionally signed latitude and longitude in DDMMSS format +.TP
+ +\fB%+t\fR \fB%+g\fR
+ +explicitely signed latitude and longitude in DDMMSS format +.TP
+ +\fB%lG %lT %-G %-T %+G %+T\fR
+ +same as above, but in decimal fractions of degree +.TP
+ +\fB%dl %dg\fR
+ +direction indicator - letters N and S for latitude and E and W for +longitude (or some other national language values as defined in fgis.rc +file).
+ +.RE
+ + +
If \fIformatString\fR omitted, default «%lt%dt %lg%dg» is used.
+ +
+.TP 8
+ +\fIprojName\fB dump\fR
+ +returns argumets for projection command used to create this projection +object.
+ +.TP 8
+ +\fIprojName\fB delete\fR
+ +destroys projection object. +
+.SH «SEE ALSO" +
+.BR proj «(1), « pj_init «(3), « transform (1) +
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/raster.n.html b/geography/fGIS/man/raster.n.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ad48a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/raster.n.html @@ -0,0 +1,417 @@ + + + + + +raster(n) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+
+ +
NAME
+raster - Create and manipulate raster object
+ +
SYNOPSIS
+ raster +filename ?options ?
+ +
DESCRIPTION
+
+This command allows to create raster +objects. Raster objects are more low-level concept than fGIS layers . They +directly correspond to raster files in EPPL7 format. Their values are always +unsigned short integer. They even make cell size visible to user. This +command returns name of raster object which is used for manipulating this +object. By default it requires existing raster file without reclass table. +
+ Raster files are objects which holds information of certain integer +spatial variable in given rectangular area. Value is stored with certain +granulariry. Minimal square, which can be addressed as separate unit, is +named cell. Of course, you can specify coordinates with any precision, +but while they are in same cell, same value would be returned. Moreover, +when you edit raster, you can change values only on per cell basis.
+ Raster +file is always rectangular, but spatial variable can be defined on any +arbitrary area. So, special value is reserved for "undefined" areas of +raster. It is named offsite value. Typically you can read raster it any +coordinates, but if no information is provided for this area, offsite +would be returned.
+ There are certain limitation on raster files - file +cannot contain more than 32767 cells per row or per column. Possible values +of raster should be in range 0-65535. Rows and columns of cells can be numbered +starting from any integer, provided that no row or column in file has +number out of range -32767- 32767. fGIS, however never relies on column numbers. +They are supported only for compatibility with EPPL7.
+ Raster objects +differs from raster files in the way that they include reclass table . +This allows to store information about several spatial variables in one +file, provided that total count of value combination doesn't exceed raster +file limit. Reclass table defines correspondence between file classes (values) +and values, returned by raster object. It can be defined by two ways - using +special syntax like in EPPL7 RECLASS command (see RECLASS SYNTAX below) +or using Tcl list, each element of which is pair of values, first base, +then reclassed.
+ When raster objects are accessed or created via GIS operations, +user may not be aware about underlying raster file level. But when objects +are created by interative editing, certain properties of raster (i.e. cell +size) should be specified.
+ Raster objects behave like other fGIS objects +- layers, legends, palettes etc. Once object is created, new Tcl command +with same name is created. This command is used to access and modify rasters. +
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
-reclass statements
+
-specifies reclass table for created raster +object. statements is string, containing set of reclass statements. See +RECLASS SYNTAX below for details
+ +
-table list
+
-specifies reclass table +in form of Tcl list. Each element of this list should be list of two integers, +first of them representing value in raster file, and second - representing +value which would be value of new raster object.
+ +
-new
+
- specifies that +new raster file should be created instead of opening old. This option should +be specified immediately after file name and followed by several other +options, defining properties of new raster. All subsequent options are +applicable only if -new is specified.
+ +
-like rasterObject
+
- specifies that +all important properties should be copied from existing raster object. +
+ +
-width integer
+
- specifies how many cells should appear in each row. Cannot +be used together with -like
+ +
-heightinteger
+
- specifies how many cells +should be in each column.
+ +
-offsiteinteger
+
- specifies which value would +be used as "no data" value. Default is 65535 for 16-bit files and 255 for +8-bit. Value -1 can be specified for 8-bit files. It means that all classes +are onsite. For 16-bit files it is equivalent to 65535.
+ +
-8bit - specifies +that only one byte should be used for storing
+
values of raster. This limits +value range to 0-255, slightly decreases file size (usially much less than +two times) and makes file compatible with EPPL7 ver. 2.1.
+ +
-limits{x1 y1 x2 +y2}
+
- Allows to specify list of four double values, determinig map coordinates +of file.
+ +
-cell value - specifies size of cell. In conjunction with -limits +
+
it gives more convinient way to create new raster, becouse limits defines + area of interest and cell size - accuracy of map.
+
+
+ +
OBJECT COMMAND
+raster + command creates new Tcl command with same name as raster object, which +can be used to manipulate this object.
+ rasterName boxvalue x1 y1 x2 y2 + - fills rectangular region with given value. Raster should be opened in +read-write mode (either by -new option of object command or by load object +command). Returns list of four double values, specifying region actually +affected by command. (Can be less that specified region, if it exceeds +raster boundary). Value is class of base raster file, not reclassed value. +
+ +
+ +
rasterName bpp - returns size of data in this raster file
+
(8 for 8-bit +and 16 for 16 bit rasters).
+ +
rasterName cache ?new size ?
+
- controls size +of cache. If raster file is accessed from disk (default read only mode) +setting sufficient cache can improve performance of operations, which +require nonsequentual access, like transect .
+ +
rasterName cell ?-area ? +
+
- returns parameters of cell. By default, returns cell width in map coordinates, +which should be meters, and with -area flag returns cell area in current +units (see unit object command).
+ +
rasterName celllimit
+
- returns list +of four intergers, representig start and end numbers of cells in order +first column , last row , last column, first row . (Why this order? X direction +of cell numbers is same as of coordinates (usially), and Y coodinates +usially go from bottom to top, while cells - from top to bottom. So, order +of values is same as order of values in limits object command.
+ +
rasterName +classes value
+
- returns list of base file classes which are mapped to +specified value of this raster object.
+ +
rasterName circle value x y radius + ?-cells ?
+
- fills circulare region in read-write raster with given value. +If -cells ,flag is given, radius is assumed to be in raster cells. Otherwise +it is assumed to be in coordinate units. Returns list of coordinates, specifying +actualy affected region.
+ +
rasterName col x
+
- returns cell number corresponding +to given X coordinate. Returns error, if coordinate is out of file boundaries. +
+ +
rasterName comment ?string ?
+
- returns (or modifies) comment, stored +in file header. Comment length is limited by 32 symbols.
+ +
rasterName count + ?options ?
+
- performs various area-calculating operation General formats +folows:
+ +
rasterName count ?-- ? varname ?region specification ?
+
fills +dynamic array varname indexed by raster classes by areas of these classes +in given region.
+ +
rasterName count -classes list ?region specification +?
+
returns area of given classes within given region.
+
+
+ Region specification +defaults to whole file. Other possible formats are: +
+ +
-box x1 y1 x2 y2 +
+
- within given rectangular area
+ +
-polygon x y x y ...
+
- within polygon, given +by set of coordinate pairs
+ +
-radius distance x y ...
+
within given distance +of any of given points.
+ +
-mask rasterObject list
+
in areas where value of +another rasterObject is in given list.
+
+
+ +
+ +
rasterName delete
+
- destroys raster +object. If raster was in readwrite mode, all unsaved changes are lost.
+ +
rasterName +extents value
+
- returns list of four coordinates, within those all values +of given class are contained.
+ +
rasterName filename
+
- returns name of file, +corresponding to this raster object.
+ +
rasterName fill value x y ?-stop ? +value
+
- fills area, starting with given coordinates with value. By default, +stops on encounter of any value other than in given point. If -stop option +is specified, stops only when encountering given value. Returns list of +coordinates, specifying actually affected region.
+ +
rasterName frame value + x1 y1 x2 y2 ?-width cells ?
+
- a rectangle with given value, not changing +inside area. By default this rectangle is 1 cell wide.
+ +
rasterName get x +y ?-base ?
+
Returns value of raster in given point. By default returns +reclassed value, but if -base is specified, returns class of raster file. +
+ +
rasterName limits
+
Returns list of four doubles, specifying physical +limits of raster file, in order XLeft , YBottom , XRight , YTop .
+ +
rasterName +line value x y x y .... ?-width cells ?
+
draws a line with given value. By +default one-cell wide. Returns boundaries of region affected.
+ +
rasterName +load
+
Loads raster file into memory, changing it from readonly to readwrite +mode, and enabling all editing operation. (-new option of raster command +performs load implicitely).
+ +
rasterName max
+
-returns maximal value of +raster object.
+ +
rasterName min
+
- returns minimal value of raster object. +
+ +
rasterName offsite ?value ?
+
- returns offsite value for raster object, +or modifies it.
+ +
rasterName polygon value x y x y ...
+
- fills given polygon +of given value. Returns boundaries of region affected.
+ +
rasterName put value +x y
+
Changes value of individual cell. Returns nothing.
+ +
rasterName reclass + ?option ? ?arg ?
+
- manipulates reclass table. Without any options, returns +reclass table as Tcl list.
+ +
rasterName reclass -statements
+
option returns +reclass table in form of reclass statements. (see RECLASS SYNTAX below). +
+ +
rasterName reclass -table list
+
modifies current reclass using given Tcl +list. Values for classes given in this list would be changed as specified, +all other remains unchanged.
+ +
rasterName reclass statements
+
modifies reclass +using specified reclass statements. As -table options, applies statements +to base classes and leaves all nonspecified classes as is.
+ +
rasterName reclass +-clear
+
clears all changes in reclass table and makes reclassed classes +equial to base classes.
+ +
rasterName row y
+
return cell number, correspondign +to given Y coordinate. Raises error, if coodinnate is outside file limits. +
+ +
rasterName save ?options ?
+
- saves raster file. By default, if raster +is in readwrite mode, saves changes to current filename.
+ +
rasterName save +-as filename
+
- saves raster, open for editing into other file, and makes +this file current file of this raster object.
+ +
-backup
+
option can be specified +for both save and save -as commands. It makes raster object to keep old +version of file with suffix .bak appended to name.
+ +
rasterName save -to filename + ?-8bit ?
+
allows to write raster object into raster file. Reclass table +is applied to this operation, so new file would have base classes like +classes of raster object, rather than classes of its base file.
+
+
+ If -8bit + switch is specified, resulting raster will be forced to 8-bit by discarding +high-order byte, even if max value or offsite are outside 0-255 range. (in +latter case offsite would be set to 65535). +
+ +
rasterName shift dx dy
+
changes +origin of cell (row/column) numbers. This is required for certain command +of DOS version of EPPL7, although fGIS always uses map (alternative) coordinates) +
+ +
rasterName transect ?-count varname ? x y x y ...
+
by default, return list +consisting of pairs {value width} along the given line. If -count is specified, +fills dynamic array varname , indexed by classes, by total widthes of +given value along this line.
+ +
rasterName unused
+
returns value which is +never encountered in this raster.
+ +
rasterName unit ?new-unit ?
+
- returns +(or changes) area unit of this raster Unit can be one of following: undefined +,ft .m ,km ,mile ,ha ,acre . All subsequent count operations would return +result in given units. Note: map coordinates are always in meters.
+ +
rasterName +xleft ?new value ?
+
- returns (or modifies) left boundary coordinate.Note: + it simply modifies value, without appropriate changes in other limits +or cell area value.
+ +
rasterName xright ?new value ?
+
- returns (or modifies) +right boundary coordinate.
+ +
rasterName ybottom ?new value ?
+
- returns +(or modifies) bottom boundary coordinate.
+ +
rasterName ytop ?new value +?
+
- returns (or modifies) left boundary coordinate.
+
+ +
RECLASS SYNTAX
+
+ Syntax +of reclass syntax is inherited from EPPL7. General form of reclass statement +is line, terminated by newline (Note: trailing newline is obligatory), +which consist of new value and list of old (base) values. New value separated +from list by equal sign. List of old values can contain individual values +and ranges, which are two values, separated by colon.
+ +
+ +
Example
+
1=1:10 +20
+
+
+means, that all values from one to ten and value 20 should be reclassed +into 1.
+ Set of statements can contain arbitrary number of lines, same +value can occur on left side of several lines. If some value occur on right +side more than once, last occurence have precedence.
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- OBJECT COMMAND
- RECLASS SYNTAX
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/reclass1.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/reclass1.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2fb13f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/reclass1.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ + + + + + +RECLASS(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+reclass1 - Change classes of given EPPL7 data file +
SYNOPSIS
+reclass1 [ + ] [ reclass_file] [ -o output_file] file +
DESCRIPTION
+Applies given set +of reclass statements to epp file. Reclass statements have simular syntax +to DOS version of EPPL7 and may be read from stdin (both from terminal +or pipe) and from file.
+By default, creates file named reclass.out.epp in +current directory, but this behavoir can be overriden by -o option.
+This +version can perform only one-way reclass. For multy-file reclass use intable(1) + +instead.
+Output file is created as 16-bit and if after reclass it would +contain only classes less than 255, it would be converted into 8-bit.
+If +offsite value of old file appears in right side of any reclass statement, +offsite value of new file would be from left side of this statement.
+
+ +
+ +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
- display brief usage message and exit successifully
+ +
--version +
+
- display version information and exit successifully
+ +
-v
+
- verbose. Display +number of rows processed during reclass.
+ +
-f reclass_file
+
- read reclass +statements from given file, instead of stdin
+ +
-o output_file
+
- write result +into given file, instead of reclass.out.epp. Suffix .epp would be substituted, +if absent.
+
+
+ +
RECLASS STATEMENT SYNTAX
+
+ Set of reclass statements consists +of zero or more lines, each of which has following structure:
+new_class += list of old classes
+
+ New class is number in range 0-65535. List of old +classes is space separated list of classes (numbers) and ranges. Range +is two numbers, separated by colon. First of them must be less then second, +or this range would have no effect.
+If one old class occurs in several +statements, only last occurence would take effect, so it is possible to +write:
+1=1:255
+2=2
+3=12
+to reclass all classes between 1 and 255, exept +2 and 12 to 1 and reclass 12 to 3.
+ +
SEE ALSO
+eheader(1) +,cluster(1) +,rescale(1) +,outtab(1) +,intable(1) + +
+ +
AUTHOR
+
+ Victor B. Wagner, SoftWeyr.
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- RECLASS STATEMENT SYNTAX
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/man/window.1.html b/geography/fGIS/man/window.1.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1505421 --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/man/window.1.html @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + + + + +WINDOW(1) manual page + + +Table of Contents
+ +
NAME
+window - cuts a portion of epp file +
SYNOPSIS
+window [-a%] [-o output_file] + input_file fr lr fc lc +
DESCRIPTION
+
+ Window creates new epp-file with +given limits. If new limits exceeds limits of old file, this areas would +be filled by offsite value.
+By default limits are given in rows/columns, +but with -a option you may use alternate coordinates.
+Output file would +always be properly aligned with input. +
OPTIONS
+ +
+ +
--help
+
displays brief usage +information.
+ +
--version
+
displays version number
+ +
-%
+
Displays percentage of +processed lines in file.
+ +
-o file
+
gives the name for output file. Defaults +to window.out.epp
+ +
-a
+
specifies that limits are given in alternate coordinates. +
+
+ +
SEE ALSO
+mosaic(1) +,eheader(1) +
+ +
AUTHOR
+
+ Victor B. Wagner <vitus@agropc.msk.su> +
+ +
BUGS
+
+ ???
+ +
+Table of Contents
+
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- BUGS
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/tclext.html b/geography/fGIS/tclext.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c57d8dc --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/tclext.html @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ + + +fGIS Tcl extension + + + +
fGIS Tcl extension
+ +
+ + +fGIS Tcl extnesion consists of two parts: +
1. one that allows GIS data manipulation within Tcl script +
2. one that allows to view maps in Tk interface. +
+In future version they would be separated into different Tcl packages, +thus allowing to use non-Tk part for processing data without graphical +interface. +
+
Data objects
+
+
raster +
An object which represents raster file in Tcl script. Allows + to access data by coordinates, access metadata, stored in raster file + itself, edit raster, and even performs some, relatively simple, + analysis. +
+ raster object is combination of raster file and reclass table, + thus you can create many raster objects with different semantics from + one raster file thus saving disk space and other system resources. +
vector +
The same thing for vector maps (not written yet) +
palette +
Object which handles color table +
patterns +
Handles set of patterns used to visualize maps +
legend +
Stores table of corespondence between raster object classes and +semantic (string) values +
projection +
stores projection information and converts coordinates from lat/long +to X/Y and vice versa. It is based on Projection library by + Gerald Ian Evenden +
+ +
Layers
+ +Layer Tcl representation of functional map +concept. This is an object, which can return you semantic information +for given coordinate, or draw itself as chartographic representation of +information it keeps. +
+There are lot of different layer types which are created from different +data sources. Classification looks like: +
1. raster layers +
  1. raster - static data, read from file with tabular legend +
  2. dem - static data with values calculated from file classes by + mathematical function +
  3. chart - dynamic data obtained from database query +
  +
2. vector layers +
  + Needs further investigation +
  +
3. point layers +
  1. tag - set of points with arbitrary values, plots itself as labeled + signs +
  2. diagram - set of points with vector of numeric values each, +plotted as bar or pie chart +
  3. observation - set of points which get values from database query +
  +
+ +Layer object have some methods and properties, but usially end-user +should operate with layer as whole, passing its name to high-level +library procedures, rather than invoking its individual method. Even +visualisation of layer is handled by "asking plachet (mapping +window) to show particular layer" as opposed to "asking layer +to show itself in particular planchet". + +
Regions
+ +Region is collection of map, which cover same territory and have same +projection, but may differ in spatial resolution. region tcl object exist, becouse there +are some properties of region itself - projection and division into +subregions. It is high level object, which intended to be manipulited +by end-user rather than application programmer, like layer. + +
Planchets - map visualisation
+ +Map visualisation in f(GIS) is handled via special Tk widget, called +planchet. Planchet is much like Tk +canvas and supports all operation of canvas (Actually, it is derived +from canvas). In addition, it has real-world coordinates, and knows its +current scale. It also keeps track of layers currently displayed, which +allows it to handle panning and scaling. +
+It also have "look +feature" which allows it to return values some list of layers (not +neccessary ones currently displayed). By default it displays this +list in pop-up window upon right mouse click. +
+Planchet also knows if +it has geographical projection defined. If so, it is able to display +current latitude/longitude of mouse pointer. Otherwise it just shows +real-world coordinates. +
+To simplify designing of user-interfaces we've introduced a notion of +helper widgets. It means that planchet keeps track of several +widgets (status line, legend box, zoom/unzoom buttons) and updates +their states according to its own state changes. These widgets are not +part of planchet and their placement in application GUI is left to +application designer. +
Additional attributes of planchet are scale ruler and +geographic grid, which can be shown or hidden at any time. + +
Layer visualisation modes
+ +f(GIS) supports various layer visualisation modes. +Raster layers can be drawn in opaque colors (which is traditional for +raster GIS), in patterns, and symbols. Both symbol and pattern view +are transparent and can be overlaid over other layers. They both use +same pattern set object to store information about pattern symbol +shapes. Difference between pattern and symbol mode is that in pattern +mode patterns can be clipped by polygon boundaries when in symbol mode +symbol is drown wholly if its central point belong to corresponding +class or not drawn at all, and never would be drawn partially. + + +
External program interface
+ +Most GIS operations in f(GIS) are implemented as +external utilities, which allows to execute them in parallel with +main GUI applications. But there should be easy way to invoke them from +GUI as well as from Tcl prompt. So, Tcl library provides helper +procedures which allows to construct high-level commands, which invokes utility, +translating high-level concepts as layers and region to lower-level +concepts, which are understood by utilities, and displays its progress +in separate window. + +
Database connectivity
+ +It has been said already, that f(GIS) doesn't even try to implement +home-grown database management system. Instead, it uses various +RDBMS +connectivity extensions, available for Tcl. Unfortunately these +extensions don't have so unified interface as provided by DBI package +for Perl language. So, it was neccessary to develop additional +abstraction layer TclDBI which allows to write +database-related parts of f(GIS) without regard to particular RDBMS +server behind it. + +
Tools and bricks
+ +Being a large and complicated Tcl application, f(GIS) uses a lot of +general purpose procedures, widgets and other reusable pieces of code. +In difference with commercial applications, all this tools are open +and usable for application developer and even end user. Most notable of +them include: +
- + megawidget library by J. Hobbs +
- Tabular +widget by same author +
- Getopt +library +
- Object orientend extension used for developing layers. +
+ diff --git a/geography/fGIS/topology.html b/geography/fGIS/topology.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a0a6fee --- /dev/null +++ b/geography/fGIS/topology.html @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ + + + + Creating topology from raster + + + + +[f(GIS) home] +[EPU] +
+
Creating topology from raster and vice versa
+
+ + +
Generation of polygon labels
+EPU border command should have option to generate +polygon labels along with polygon boundaries. +
+This would allow to import polygon maps into vector-based systems like +Arc/Info and also have some additional applications like plotting barchart +and piecharts on the map. +
+Currently both EPPL7 and Arc/Info are able to generate polygon labels +given raster map (EPPL7) or correct set of polygon boundaries (ARC/Info). +But their algorithms both have shortcomings. EPPL7 always and Arc/Info in case +of polygon with complex shape put label point too close to polygon boundary. +
+While it can be bearable if sole purpose of this label point is to identify +polygon in vector topology map, it is not good for plotting charts other +possible applications of label points. +
+So following algorithm is proposed: +
1. Generate unique numbers for polygons (EPU cluster command + already can do this) +
2. Calculate distance of each raster cell to nearest polygon boundary + (combination of EPPL7 border(epp) and radius commands + can do this and + EPU thiessen command eventually would) + +
3. Find out maximal distance from boundaries for each polygon + (outtable command) +
4. Retrieve coordinates of any point with given distance and polygon + ID and use it as label point. (can be done with EPPL7 + intable and evaluate and is trivial thing if coded + in C. +
+ +Analysis of this algorithm shows that it can be performed using at most +two passes over raster, given that all intermediate structures are kept +in memory. +
+First pass perform cluster and radius operations in parallel. +Write three intermediate rasters, two of which contain low and high half-words of uniquie polygon numbers and third - distance to boundaries. During +this pass table of maximal distance for each polygon should be accumulated. +
+Second pass Find a point for each entry of polygon-distance table and +write its coordinates along with polygon ID. +
+ +
Generation of vector topology from raster
+ +Vector topology as used by arc/info consist of following parts +
1. No arc in coverage should intersect each other +
2. Each polygon should have exactly one label +
3. Each arc should have atributes denoting left and right polygons. +
4. Each point where arcs are joined (node) should have a record + which lists IDs of arcs joined in it. +
+If we are building polygon coverage from file, generated via EPPL7 or EPU +border commands, constraints 1 and 2 are ensured by border algorithm. +If we are using algorithm described above, for label points, we have +enough information to assign left and right polygon IDs for any polyline +(arc), provided that polylines are generated on second pass of above algorithm. +
+So, only thing we need is to create list of nodes. It is also much simplier +to do during raster scan, than processing vector file, becouse while we are +passing location of node, we have all lines joined here at hand, while in +the vector file they can be very far from each other, becouse lines which +starts at this node would be written to the file only when they would +end. +
+The only thing which prevents me (and possible other authors of raster-based GIS) to export ready to use topology to ARC/Info instead of exporting GEN files +and requiring user to do time-consuming CLEAN or BUILD operation, is closeness of ARC/Info export format. +
Rasterizing polygon coverages
+ +EPPL7 rasterize command operates on non-topological vector files. +Therefore it have to do three passes over file and often leave small +holes which have to be eliminated using fill command. But it works +very fast and have (especially in incarnation of EPU cluster command) +almost no limitation concerning raster size and polygon complexity. +
+ARC/Info polygrid command produces raster without holes, but it works +very slowly (it seems that it scans entire vector file for each point of +generated raster. In PC Arc/Info 3.5 it also have some very restrictive size +limitation (5000x5000) and doesn't understand EPPL format correctly (doesn't +write coordinate information into header, doesn't support 16-bit rasters). +
+But combining of these two algorithms can produce rasterization algorithm +which would be even faster than EPPL7 rasterize and work without holes. +
+Idea is that while drawing lines from vector file in the raster (as EPPL +does on the first pass) we plot each line two-cell wide, giving left cell +value of left polygon and right cell value of right polygon. The only thing +left is to fill remaining parts of file by color of nearest non-offsite +point, which is guarantied to be same for all surrounding lines, due to +ARC/Info topology. +
+This algorithm can be implemented without knowledge of ARC/Info propieritary +formats, becouse lines from coverage along with their unique IDs can +be legitimately exported into open GEN format, and arc attribute table, +which contains IDs of right and left polygons can be exported into RDBMS, +as well as polygon attribute table which contain information we really +want to plot. + + + + + + + + diff --git a/geography/index.html b/geography/index.html index fb28016..74eba44 100644 --- a/geography/index.html +++ b/geography/index.html @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
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+

Environmental Planning Utilities

Overview

Utilities

System requirements

ëÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÊ GIS

f(GIS) + concepts

Data model

Functional model

Layer classification

Implementation of data model

Regions and chartographic projection

Program design

Layer as Tcl object

Planchet - object for displaying maps

Drawing modes for raster layer

Low level objects

GIS operation

Utilities

Data access library

f(GIS) project

Project structure

Current state

Distribution policy

fGIS installation instructions

fGIS Tcl extension

Data objects

Layers

Regions

Planchets - map visualisation